APUSH Unit 3.1-3.6

French and Indian War

Conflict between British and colonists against the French and Native American allies for control of the Ohio River Valley, leading to British dominance in North America and significant war debt.

Proclamation of 1763

Edict by King George III prohibiting colonists from moving west of the Appalachians to ease tensions with Native Americans, disregarded by colonists leading to increased tensions with Britain.

Sons of Liberty

Colonists who protested against legislation like the Stamp Acts by attacking British tax collectors and using methods like tarring and feathering for torture and humiliation.

Boston Tea Party

Protest against the Tea Act granting the British East India Tea Company a tea trade monopoly, where Americans dumped tea in Boston Harbor as a form of protest.

Olive Branch Petition

Sent by the colonies to King George III during the Second Continental Congress, declaring war on Britain but seeking redress of grievances to avoid conflict.

French Assistance

French navy's crucial aid to the colonists during the Revolutionary War, playing a significant role in their victory.

Albany Congress

Meeting of colonial leaders in Albany to discuss defense during the French and Indian War, aiming to unite colonies and negotiate with the Iroquois.

Stamp Act

Tax on published materials and legal documents, leading to significant colonial unrest and boycotts, eventually repealed due to economic pressure.

Townshend Acts

Imposed by the British to punish colonies for protesting the Stamp Act, taxing items like glass, paper, and tea, repealed after colonial protests.

Intolerable Acts

Enacted to punish Boston for the Boston Tea Party, closing the harbor, revoking Massachusetts' charter, and reinstating the Quartering Act, escalating tensions.

Salutary neglect

British policy of minimal intervention in colonial affairs, leading to the colonies developing self-reliance and effective organization of militias.

British Mercantilism

Economic system where colonies profited from manufacturing and trading but faced hindrances like restricted manufacturing and export prices drop.

Writs of Assistance

Search warrants by British customs officers to reduce colonial smuggling, leading to protests like "no taxation without representation" by James Otis.

Stamp Act

Imposed taxes on published materials and legal documents, leading to the Stamp Act Congress and colonial resistance.

Townshend Acts

Tax acts on glass, paper, paint, and tea to pay royal salaries, leading to colonial protests and the Massachusetts Circular Letter.

Boston Massacre

Incident where British troops fired on colonists, leading to anti-British sentiments and tensions.

Tea Act Crisis

Granting the British East India Company a tea trade monopoly, leading to the Boston Tea Party and the Coercive Acts.

First Continental Congress

Response to the Intolerable Acts, urging colonies to boycott British goods and organize militias, setting the stage for the American Revolution.

Lexington & Concord

First military conflict of the American Revolution, where Minutemen resisted British troops, leading to the siege of Boston.

Olive Branch Petition

Last-ditch effort to prevent war by pledging loyalty to the king, seeking peace, and redressing grievances, but was rejected by King George III.

Hessians

German mercenaries hired by King George to support British forces after the Battle of Bunker Hill

Independence Shift

Most Americans initially sought better treatment within the British Empire, desiring their natural rights to be respected, influenced by John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Common Sense

Thomas Paine's influential pamphlet advocating for independence, swaying many colonists' opinions

Declaration of Independence

Document with three major parts - Preamble influenced by John Locke, list of grievances against Britain, and formal declaration of independence

Patriots vs Loyalists

Patriots were American rebels fighting for independence, while Loyalists supported a return to colonial rule and were loyal to the king

Battle of Trenton

Washington's successful surprise attack on Hessian forces, boosting morale for the Continental Army

Battle of Saratoga

Crucial battle where Benedict Arnold's actions led to a British surrender, inspiring French aid and turning the tide for the Patriots

Valley Forge

Harsh winter camp where Washington's forces suffered, receiving aid from the French due to lack of support from Congress

Articles of Confederation

First U.S. constitution, weak in power, focusing on war efforts, and replaced by the Constitution in 1789

Franco-American Alliance

Alliance between France and the U.S. during the Revolution, aiding the U.S. against Britain and leading to the Treaty of Paris in 1783