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Social Studies
US History
Ethnic Cleansing and The Second Seminole War
Ethnic Cleansing in Cherokee Nation, 1830-39
1830-35, Cherokees nation battled Georgia in the courts to protect the territory
1835, Jackson administration negotiates Treaty of New Echota with the minority “Treaty Party”
most Cherokees rejected it
widespread United States opposition
Senate ratified the treaty by one vote
1838-39, the United States Army oversees forced relocation to the Indian Territory
7000 state volunteers with federal commanders
poorly funded and organized
16000 Cherokees imprisoned, the Summer of 1838
2000 died
fall/winter, survivors were forced to migrate West on the “Trail of Tears”
3000 died in route or soon after arriving
overall, 5000 died
out of 22-23000 in 1834
The Second Seminole War, 1832-42
some Seminoles and black allies under Osceola and other leaders resisted the removal
Osceola: an influential leader of the Seminole people in Florida
his birth name was Billy Powell
he was born in Alabama
he became known as a successful hunter and war leader
10 years, 1500 United States troops were dead
$20 million was spent to expel 3000 people
tribal communities still live in Florida today
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