Chapter 27- Diversification of Eukaryotes

Sessile

________ means to be permanently fixed to a substrate.

Endosymbiosis theory

________ proposes at mitochondria originated when a bacterial cell took up residence inside another cell about 2 billion years ago.

Amoeboid motion

________ is a sliding movement observed in some protists.

life cycle

A(n) ________ describes the sequence of events that occur as individuals grow, mature, and reproduce.

Diatoms

________ and other organisms that drift in the open oceans or lakes are called plankton.

food chain

A(n) ________ describes nutritional relationships among organisms, and thus how chemical energy flows within ecosystems.

Synapomorphy

________ is a shared, derived trait that distinguishes major monophyletic groups, groups that include all the descendants of a common ancestor and only those descendants.

Flagella

________ are organelles that project from the cell and whip back and forth to produce swimming movements.

Endosymbiosis

________ occurs when an organism of one species lives inside the cells of an organism of another species.

Biologists

________ use the name Plantae to refer not just to the commonly named land plants, but to the entire monophyletic group that includes glaucophyte algae, red algae, and green algae as well.

spore

A(n) ________ is a single haploid cell that divides mitotically to form a multicellular, haploid gametophyte.

Symbiosis

________ is said to occur when individuals of two different species live in close and prolonged physical contact.

Fertilization

________ is the fusion of two haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote.

Direct sequencing

________ is based on sampling soil or water, analyzing the DNA sequence of specific genes in the sample, and using the data to place the organisms from the sample on a phylogenetic tree.

phagocytosis

When ________ occurs, an individual takes in packets of food much larger than individual molecules.

Fungi

________ play a large role as decomposers in many ecosystems due largely to their ability to produce enzymes that break down the cell walls of plants and other organisms.

endosymbiotic bacterium

Most of the genes from the ________ moved into the nuclear genome in what was one of the most spectacular lateral gene transfer events in the history of life.

Malaria

ranks as one of the world’ s worst infectious diseases.