Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilic Disorders & Gender Dysphoria – Lecture Review

A comprehensive set of Q&A flashcards summarizing key definitions, statistics, disorders, causes, and treatments from Chapter 10 on Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilic Disorders, and Gender Dysphoria.

What three conditions usually make sexual behavior "abnormal" in clinical terms?

It harms others OR causes personal distress, AND produces impairment in important areas of functioning.

Which two pioneering teams conducted major studies on human sexuality in the mid-20th century?

Alfred Kinsey (1940s–50s) and Masters & Johnson (1950s–60s).

When evaluating sexual behavior, what three contextual factors must clinicians consider?

Normative statistics, cultural considerations, and gender differences in attitudes/behavior.

Roughly what percentage of U.S. adults (18–44) identify as heterosexual according to Copen et al., 2016?

About 92–95 percent.

In the same survey, what percentage identified as bisexual?

Approximately 2 – 5.5 percent.

What proportion of men versus women reported masturbating in the past year?

72 % of men and 42 % of women.

Name two sexual attitudes or behaviors men are generally more permissive toward than women.

Casual sex, premarital sex, and pornography use (any two).

Define the term "sexual self-schema."

A person’s beliefs and feelings about their own sexuality.

According to Peplau (2003), what context do women typically emphasize in sexual activity?

The context of a committed relationship, shaped by cultural and social factors.

The Sambia of Papua New Guinea are cited to illustrate what concept regarding sexuality?

Cultural variation in attitudes toward sexuality and children.

Genes account for roughly what percentage of the variance in male sexual orientation?

About 34 – 39 percent.

Genes account for roughly what percentage of the variance in female sexual orientation?

About 18 – 19 percent.

For a DSM-5 sexual dysfunction diagnosis, symptoms must persist for at least how long?

Six months or more.

Into which three broad categories are sexual dysfunctions grouped?

Disorders of desire/arousal, disorders of orgasm, and disorders of sexual pain.

Which disorder involves "little or no interest in any type of sexual activity" in men?

Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.

List two core features of Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder.

Reduced sexual interest/activities, fewer sexual thoughts/fantasies, diminished arousal or pleasure (any two).

In Erectile Disorder, sexual desire is usually .

intact (preserved).

What is the most prevalent sexual dysfunction in adult males?

Premature (early) ejaculation.

Premature ejaculation is defined by ejaculation within about how long after penetration?

Within approximately one minute of penetration and before it is desired.

Roughly what percentage of adult males are affected by premature ejaculation?

About 21 percent.

Female Orgasmic Disorder is marked by what key symptom?

Delay, absence, or markedly reduced intensity of orgasm in almost all sexual encounters.

What core problem characterizes Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder?

Pain, fear/anxiety, or pelvic-floor muscle tensing associated with vaginal penetration.

Which devices are used to measure physiological sexual arousal in the lab for males and females?

Penile strain gauge for males and vaginal photoplethysmograph for females.

Define "erotophobia."

A tendency to associate sexual cues with negative feelings such as fear, anxiety, or threat.

What three elements form the basis of the Masters & Johnson psychosocial sex-therapy program?

Education, sensate focus, and non-demand pleasuring.

Which behavioral technique is commonly used to treat premature ejaculation?

The squeeze technique.

Vaginismus is often treated with the graduated use of what device?

Vaginal dilators (paired with relaxation training).

Viagra, Levitra, and Cialis—often combined with CBT—are prescribed for which disorder?

Erectile Disorder.

What two criteria must be met for a paraphilia to be diagnosed as a Paraphilic Disorder?

The attraction causes distress/impairment OR involves harm or the threat of harm to others.

Name any three officially recognized Paraphilic Disorders.

Examples include Fetishistic Disorder, Exhibitionistic Disorder, and Pedophilic Disorder (others acceptable).

Describe the core behavior in Frotteuristic Disorder.

Sexual arousal from touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person, typically in crowded places.

What distinguishes Fetishistic Disorder?

Sexual attraction to nonliving objects or non-genital body parts such as shoes or women’s underwear.

Voyeuristic Disorder involves sexual arousal from what activity?

Observing unsuspecting people who are naked, disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity.

What key act defines Exhibitionistic Disorder?

Exposing one’s genitals to an unsuspecting stranger, with thrill/risk necessary for arousal.

Transvestic Disorder is characterized by sexual arousal from .

Cross-dressing (wearing clothes of the opposite gender).

Differentiate Sexual Sadism Disorder from Sexual Masochism Disorder.

Sadism involves sexual arousal from inflicting pain or humiliation; masochism involves arousal from suffering pain or humiliation.

Approximately what proportion of identified pedophiles are male?

About 90 percent.

Roughly what percentage of adult men report unwanted sexual touching in childhood?

About 12 percent (17 % for women).

Give two examples of "Other Specified Paraphilic Disorders."

Necrophilia, zoophilia, coprophilia, urophilia, klismaphilia, etc. (any two).

In the developmental model of paraphilias, weak inhibitory control is associated with which biological system?

A low-functioning Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS).

What is "covert sensitization" in treating paraphilic disorders?

Imagining severe negative consequences to create an aversive association with the problematic fantasy/behavior.

Define "orgasmic reconditioning."

Training the person to masturbate to appropriate (non-deviant) sexual stimuli to shift arousal patterns.

Name two medications sometimes used to reduce testosterone in convicted sex offenders.

Cyproterone acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera).

At what developmental period is gender identity usually formed?

Between roughly 18 and 36 months of age.

What two DSM-5 criteria are required to diagnose Gender Dysphoria?

Marked incongruence between experienced and assigned gender AND clinically significant distress or impairment.

Gender Dysphoria is more common in which sex, and at what approximate rates?

More common in males (5–14 per thousand) than females (2–3 per thousand).

Medical support for transgender individuals often includes hormones and what surgical option?

Gender-affirming (confirmation) surgery.

Before undergoing gender-affirming surgery, an individual must meet which two prerequisites?

Live as the desired gender and demonstrate psychological/social stability.

What are the five sexes proposed by Fausto-Sterling in the "Five Sex Theory"?

Males, females, herms (true hermaphrodites), merms (male-leaning intersex), and ferms (female-leaning intersex).

What has traditionally been the standard medical approach for Disorders of Sexual Development (DSD)?

Early genital surgery combined with hormonal replacement therapy.