Psychology Ch.8

Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house?

hippocampus

What is episodic memory

information about events we have personally experienced

In order for a memory to go into storage (i.e., long-term memory), it has to pass through three distinct stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and ________ memory.

long term

How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory?

Explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness.

Why do strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories and weak emotional experiences form weak memories?

Strong emotional experiences can trigger the release of neurotransmitters and hormones that strengthen memory.

Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells "the man with the blue shirt did it." Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________: the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories.

Suggestibility

When people say you never forget how to ride a bike, they are referring to ________ memory, also called non-declarative memory.

Implicit

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember and recall?

explicit memories

The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________.

construction; reconstructions

Elaine wakes up in the hospital with a head injury. She gets to know her doctors and nurses over time, but it soon becomes clear that she has no memories from before she woke up in the hospital. Elaine has ________ amnesia.

Retrograde

Which of the following is a good example of anterograde amnesia?

John Doe is in a car accident. Every day he wakes up with no memory of what he did the day before, feeling as though no time has passed because he is unable to form new memories.

Which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories?

cerebellum

Elaborative rehearsal involves ________.

thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory

Remembering ________ is a good example of episodic memory.

your first day of school

Researchers demonstrated that the hippocampus functions in memory processing by creating lesions in the hippocampi of rats, which resulted in ________.

memory impairment on various tasks, such as object recognition and maze running

Remembering ________ is a good example of semantic memory.

what the word chocolate means

What is semantic memory?

knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts

Which of the following is an example of a mnemonic device?

using the acronym "HOMES" to remember the names of the five Great Lakes

What is the main idea of the Stroop effect?

The brain's reaction time slows when it must deal with conflicting information.

What is procedural memory?

type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things

What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes?

sensory

What are the two components of declarative memory?

semantic and episodic

When experiencing ________ amnesia, you experience loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the trauma. When experiencing ________ amnesia, you cannot remember new information.

retrograde and anterograde

Encoding information occurs through ________.

automatic processing and effortful processing

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________.

Retrieval