World War II Terms

Totalitarianism

Government takes total control over every aspect of public and private life

NKVD

secret police with the sole purpose to “protect soviet state security."

Joseph Stalin

this person wanted to protect his power and build up the powre of the Soviet Union.

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“the greatest leader, the wisest teacher, and the sun…”

Fascism

a far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology and movement, characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition

Hitler and Mussolini

Who were the two fascist leaders

The Great Purge

campaign of terror aimed at eliminating anyone who threatened Stalin’s power

Indoctrination

Instruction in the government’s beliefs to **mold** or **brainwash** people’s minds

Propaganda

biased of incomplete information used to swap people to accept certain beliefs

Cult of Personality

excessive public admiration for or devotion to a famous person.

League of Militant Godless

group that officially sponsored atheism

Russian Orthodox Church

What church became a key target by Stalin.

Command Economy

system in which the government made all economic decisions

Five Year Plans

focused on the development and modernization of the soviet union’s economy

Quotas

another term used that means goals

Collective Farms

government seized privately owned farms and created _____________

Kulaks

wealthy farmers who resisted the idea of collective farms

Karl Marx

Who created Communism?

Communism

All Property and Industry are owned by the people.

Proletariat

the lower classes

have-nots

Bourgeoisie

the upper class

“haves”

Mensheviks

 a left-wing socialist faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party within the Russian socialist movement.

Bolsheviks

revolutionary Marxist faction founded by Vladimir Lenin that split with the Mensheviks from the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

Vladimir Lenin

Leader of the Bolsheviks

Autocracy

one ruler has “total power”

Alexander III

known as a harsh leader who was devoted to the idea of Autocracy

Nicholas II

son of Alexander III who continued a strong, autocratic rule

Czar

has complete and total control … people have no rights

Russo-Japanese War

fight over land .. Manchuria

Manchuria

What land was the Russo-Japanese War over?

Duma

Russia’s form of parliament

Rasputin

self proclaimed “medicine man”

Alexander Kerensky

comes to power after Nicholas is forced to step down

Leon Trotsky

founder and 1st leader of the Red Army

March Revolution

demonstrators clamoring for bread took to the streets in the Russian capital of Petrograd (now known as St. Petersburg).

Soviets

another name for the Local Councils

Provisional Government

a temporary government after Nicholas II stepped down

Bolshevik Revolution

What is the revolution where Vladimir Lenin returns to Russia?

Moscow

Where was the Capital of Russia moved to with the Bolshevik Revolution

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Ends war between Russia and Germany.

Romanov Family

What family was murdered by the Bolshevik secret police

Red Army

Which army is the Bolsheviks? Red or White?

New Economic Policy

government still controls major industries, but privatization was allowed

improved the economy

USSR

new name for Russia when Lenin gets power

Kuomintang

What was the Nationalist Party in China?

Sun Yixian

first leader and “father” of modern day China

Nationalism, Democracy, Economic Security

What were Sun’s *Three Principles?*

May 4 Movement

* 3,000 angry students gathered in beijing
* workers, shopkeepers, professionals joined
* Mad about Treaty of Versailles

Mao Zedong

Who helped to create the Communist Party in China?

Jiang Jieshi

Who was Sun Yixian’s successor?

Shanghai Massacre

a purge and slaughter of communists by Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists in April of 1927

Nationalists and Communists

What were the Two Sides in the *Civil War* in China?

Japan

What country invading China forced a pause in the Civil War?

Manchuria

What territory did Japan want from China?

Militaristic

What type of government did Japan turn into?

Emperor Hirohito

Who was the Emperor of Japan?

Adolf Hitler

the leader of Germany who strived to create the Third Reich.

Rhineland

What is the buffer zone that Germany invaded?

Rome-Berlin Axis

Alliance between Italy and Germany.

Axis Powers

the alliance of Italy, Germany, and Japan.

Francisco Franco

General who tried to overthrow Spain’s government through a 3-year Civil War.

Appeasement

policy of giving in to an aggressor to keep peace

Isolationism

belief that political ties to other countries should be avoided

Neutrality Acts

passed by Congress.. decided that the US shall remain neutral

Anschluss

union between Austria and Germany.

Sudetenlandw

western border of Czechoslovakia; mostly populated by Germans

Munich Conference

Discussion of the Sudetenland situation

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Guests: Germany, France, Britain, and Italy

Neville Chamberlain

Prime Minister of Great Britain.

Non-Agression Pact

Russia and Germany pledge not to attack one another.

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Hitler eventually BROKE the pact.

Poland

What country did the USSR and Germany agree to divide in the Non-Aggression Pact?

Bloody Sunday

another name for the Revolution of 1905 in St. Petersburg

Communist Party

New name for the Bolsheviks after the revolution.

Weimar Republic

Germany’s new democratic government set up in 1919

Dawes Plan

plan by Charles Dawe to lend $200M to Germany to strengthen its economy and increase currently value.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

an agreement to outlaw war signed on August 27, 1928.

Fascism

Militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader

Communism

Movement that has a clearly defined theory/program and system; installed through revolution.

Benito Mussolini

Who founded the Fascist Party in 1919

Il Duce

What was Mussolini known as (italian Name)?

Private Militia

What did Hitler set ip that was called the Storm Troopers or Brown Shirts

Mein Kampf

Hitler’s book

Kristallnacht

Nazi mobs attacked Jews in their homes and on the streets and they destroyed buildings on November 9, 1938.

Long March

a 6,000 mile military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the **Chinese** Communist Party

Coalition Government

a form of government in which political parties cooperate to form a government. 

Great Depression

an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world.

Nazism

a form of fascism, with disdain for liberal democracy and the parliamentary system. Germany.

Gestapo

secret police in Nazi Germany

Brown Shirts

the Nazi Party militia that helped Adolf Hitler rise to power in Germany.

Answers May Vary

ESSAY: How does Isolationism and Appeasement lead to WWII?