NEU 101 Test 6

motoneuron

a neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.

motor unit

it is 1 motoneuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates

neuromuscular junction (NMJ)

a synaptic connection between the terminal end of a motor nerve and a muscle.

electromyography (EMG)

records the electrical activity of muscles.

What is a Central Pattern Generator

neural networks formed by inhibitory and excitatory interconnected neurons that generate a highly reproducible, rhythmic, sequence of muscle activations.

Differences between reflexes and compensatory postural adjustments

Reflexes are involuntary, a sequence of movements, and elicited by sensory stimulus. Compensatory postural adjustments respond to unexpected perturbations, have polysynaptic loops which start from a variety of receptors, and can be perfected.

Pyramidal Tract

A tract that carries motor info from the primary cortex to the spinal cord. It will begin with a primary motor neuron at the primary motor cortex to the internal capsule, from their it goes to the brain stem where it passes through the midbrain and medulla, and finally from the medulla is where the pyramidal tract begins and from the medulla to just before the spinal cord the neuron will decusate.

Which neuron degenerate with Parkinson’s Disease?

The dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra degenerates, which causes a resting tremor, slowness of movements, and difficulty to intiatite movements. Levodopa helps regulates the level of dopamine which helps with alleviating the symptoms caused by parkinson’s disease.

What is 1?

Cerebral Cortex

What is 2?

Caudate Nucleus

What is 3?

Putamen

What is 4?

Globus Pallidus

What is 5?

Thalamus

What is striatum?

Consists of the caudate nucleus and putamen.

What is 1?

Vermis

What is 2?

Left cerebellar hemisphere

What is 3?

spinal cord

What is 4?

right cerebellar hemisphere

What is 5?

Cerebellum

Decussation

Information crosses by intersections of pathways.

Thalamus

Works as a relay which is located within the brain above the cerebral cortex and brainstem.

What is 1?

Primary sensory cortex

What is 2?

visual cortex

What is 3?

auditory cortex

What is 4?

olfactory cortex

What is 5?

gustatory cortex

What is 6?

Primary motor cortex.

What is 1?

Outer ear

What is 2?

Middle ear

What is 3?

inner ear

What is 4?

semicircular canals

What is 5?

cochlea

What is 6?

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

What is 1?

vestibular nerve

What is 2?

auditory nerve

What is 3?

cochlea

What is 4?

saccules

what is 5?

utricle

What is 6?

otolith organs

What is 7?

semicircular canals

What is 8?

scarpa’s ganglion

What is 1?

Dorsal

What is 2?

Dorsal roots

What is 3?

Dorsal root ganglion

What is 4?

spinal nerve

What is 5?

ventral root

What is 6?

ventral

What is 7?

spinal dura mater

What is 8?

spinal arachnoid

What is 9?

Spinal pia mater

What is 10?

ventral horn

What is 11?

dorsal horn

What is 1?

Soma

What is 2?

Dendrites

What is 3?

axon

What is 4?

neurites

What is 1?

dendritic spines

What is 2?

soma

What is 3?

axon hillock

What is 4?

dendrites

What is 5?

axon

What is 6?

neurites

What is 7?

schwann cells

What is 8?

axon

What is 9?

Node of Ranvier

What is 10?

myelin sheath

1

ependymal cells

2

astrocytes

3

neuron

4

oligoendocytes

5

microglia

1

action potential

2

depolarization

3

peak

4

repolarization

5

threshold

6

hyperpolarization

1

presynaptic cleft

2

postsynaptic cell

3

neurotransmitter pump

4

Neurotransmitter receptor

5

synaptic cleft

6

voltage gated calcium channel

7

neurotransmitter vesicle

8

neurotransmitter

What is 1?

Cerebral cortex

What is 2?

Thalamus

What is 3?

Medulla

What is 4?

Spinal cord

What is 5/6?

Dorsal root axon

What is 1?

pupil

What is 3?

Iris

What is 4?

lens

What is 5?

Retina

What is 6?

Fovea

What is 7?

Optic nerve

What is 8?

optic disc

What is 1?

Photoreceptors

What is 2?

bipolar cell

What is 3?

ganglion cells