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In the light-dependent reaction, what two things are broken down or reduced?
H2O → O2 ; NADP → NADPH
In the light-independent reactions, NADPH and ATP are used to fix ________ into _________
CO2; glucose
What is the electron donor in the Hill Reaction?
Water
What is the electron acceptor in the Hill Reaction?
NADP+
What three things are necessary in the first steps of chlorophyll extraction?
A pre-chilled blender jar
A large beaker that is on ice
10g of washed, deveined spinach cut into squares
What is the use of SDS?
Coating the proteins and providing a negative charge
The primary antibody is generated against what?
The protein of interest
What stain was utilized to view total protein transfer in the immunoblotting lab?
Ponceau S
What is the order of components when transferring proteins to a membrane?
Positive plate → Filter paper → Membrane → Gel →Filter paper → Negative plate
Why is blocking the membrane with milk a critical step?
It reduces non-specific binding of proteins
What are the two primary antibodies used in the immunoblotting lab?
Anti-Rubisco ; Anti-LHCII
Where does carbon fixation occur?
In the stroma
What photosystem inhibitor was used in the Hill Reaction?
DCMU
What is the natural Hill Reagent in nature?
NADP
What is the Hill Reagent used in this lab?
DCPIP
Do NADP and DCPIP get reduced or oxidized as a consequence of the Hill Reaction?
Reduced
What is the role of photosystem inhibitors?
Prevent the reduction of DCPIP and stop the electron exchange between photosystems II and I
A steeper slope means the rate of photosynthesis is _____________.
Faster
Where does the secondary antibody bind?
To the primary antibody
How are secondary antibodies created?
By immunizing a host animal with the antibodies from a different species
What does Coomassie blue stain?
Proteins in the SDS-PAGE gel
What does Ponceau S stain?
Nitrocellulose membranes
Does DCPIP gain or lose color as it gets reduced?
Lose
What is the purpose of fractionation in the chloroplast lab?
Separating the thylakoid from the stroma
Will proteins run faster or slower by increasing the % of the gel?
Slower
Do proteins move towards the positive or negative electrode?
Positive
Why is TTBS better than regular TBS?
It is a better washing reagent
What is the formula for the light-dependent reactions in the thylakoid?
Light + H2O + NADP → O2 + NADPH + ATP
What is the formula for the light-independent reactions in the stroma?
CO2 + H2O + NADPH + ATP → glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
What is the role of acetone precipitation in chloroplast isolation?
Concentrates the proteins and removes potential interfering agents
Coomassie blue binds to proteins through what type of interaction?
Ionic and Van der Waals
Note 
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