Periodic Table: The arrangement of 118 elements.
Period: Each horizontal row in the periodic table.
Group: Each vertical column on the periodic table.
Representative Elements: These have group numbers 1A to 8A.
Transition Elements: These are block elements in the center of a periodic table that have group numbers followed by the letter ‘B’.
The two rows of 14 elements called the lanthanides and actinides, which are part of Periods 6 and 7, are placed at the bottom of the periodic table to allow them to fit on a page.
Group 1A: These are alkali metals except for Hydrogen.
Group 2A: These are alkaline earth metals; these are shiny metals but not as reactive.
Group 7A: These are halogens; highly reactive and form compounds with most of the elements.
Group 8A: These are noble gases; they are quite unreactive and are seldom found in combination with other elements.
Metals: These are shiny solids, such as copper, gold, and silver. It can be shaped into wires or hammered into a flat sheet.
Nonmetals: They are often poor conductors of heat and electricity.
Metalloids: These are elements that exhibit some properties that are typical of metals and other properties that are characteristic of nonmetals.