Chapter 14 apes

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45 Terms

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threshold dose

the amount of a toxicant a subject must be exposed to for a negative effect

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LD50

amount of a particular toxicant to kill half the population

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risk management

making decisions and designing strategies to minimize risk

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aromatase

an enzyme converts testosterone into estrogen

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asbestos

a mineral that forms long, thin microscopic fibers used in fire retardants hurts lungs

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toxicant

any poisonous substance

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OSHA

This federal agency, works to minimize risk in the workplace

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acute exposure

exposed to a high dose of toxicant for short period of time

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epidemiological study

A long-term study comparing exposed and unexposed groups to track outcomes.

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eutrophication

water acquires a high concentration of nutrients(nitrogn & phopurus) . promotes excessive growth of algae. algae die and decompose, aerobic bacteria deplete oxygen source, causing hypoxia

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endocrine disruptors

toxicants that interfere with hormone system

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TSCA

gives the EPA the right to regulate all synthetic substances

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toxicology

the science that examines the effects of poisonous substances on organisms

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respiratory infections

the leading cause of death

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Love Canal

the site of the worst environmental disaster involving chemical wastes in U.S. history.

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cultural health hazards

the category of hazards to human health (smoking)

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atrazine

the most widely used herbicide in the Unites States

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global distillation

Pollutants travel to the poles via air and ocean currents, concentrating

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environmental health

environmental factors influence human health

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Silent Spring

Rachel Carson's book artificial pesticides were hazardous to human health,

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infectious disease

illness that can be spread from one person to another.

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teratogens

harm to developing embryos

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chronic exposure

exposed to a low dose of a toxicant over long period of time

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radon

highly toxic gas seeps up through the ground

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"dirty dozen"

the most dangerous (POPs) according to the Stockholm Convention

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mutagens

chemicals that cause mutations in the DNA

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dose-response curve

A graph showing test animals' reactions to varying toxicant doses.

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synergistic effects

the toxicants may increase or cancel each other out.

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PBDEs

used as a fire-retardant in household furniture.

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thalidomide

originally marketed as a sleeping pill but later found to be a teratogen

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pesticide drift

when pesticides become airborne

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lead

this heavy metal is human health hazard

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anthropogenic

human-caused

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physical health hazards

natural disasters and UV-radiation

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FIFRA

EPA the legal right to regulate pesticides.

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biological health hazards

the category of hazards to human health that includes malaria, tuberculosis and the flu

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carcinogens

toxicants that cause cancer

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AIDS

the second-leading cause of death

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West Nile Virus

This Old World virus transmitted by mosquitoes.

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BPA

suspected endocrine disruptor found in plastics

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chemical health hazards

Lysol, bleach and Round-Up

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risk assessment

refers to the quantitative process of determining the potential risks of substances and activities that may pose a threat to people or wildlife

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bioaccumulation

the buildup of toxic substances in an organism over its lifetime

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neurotoxins

toxicants that attack the nervous system

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DDT

the focus of Rachel Carson's 1962 book