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26 Terms

1

Muscle Fiber

The basic contractile unit of muscle that is made up of multiple sarcomeres.

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2

Sarcomere

The smallest functional unit of muscle fibers that produces force during contraction.

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3

Endomysium

The connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers.

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4

Perimysium

The connective tissue that surrounds a collection of muscle fibers, forming a fascicle.

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5

Epimysium

The outer layer of connective tissue that encases an entire muscle.

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6

Fascicle

A bundle of muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium, containing nerves and blood vessels.

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7

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

The specialized type of endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells that stores calcium ions.

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8

Transverse Tubules (T-tubules)

Structures that carry action potentials deep into muscle fibers.

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9

Myofibril

A long, cylindrical structure composed of sarcomeres that runs parallel to the muscle fiber.

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10

Actin

The thin filament in muscle fibers that interacts with myosin for muscle contraction.

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11

Myosin

The thick filament in muscle fibers responsible for pulling actin during contraction.

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12

Excitation-Contraction Coupling

The process through which an action potential triggers calcium release and muscle contraction.

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13

Power Stroke

The action of myosin pulling actin during muscle contraction.

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14

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

The primary energy carrier in cells used for muscle contraction.

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15

Sliding Filament Theory

The explanation of how muscles contract by the sliding of actin and myosin filaments past each other.

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16

Isometric Contraction

A type of muscle contraction where the muscle generates force without changing in length.

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17

Isotonic Contraction

A type of contraction where the muscle changes length while the tension remains constant.

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18

Concentric Contraction

A type of isotonic contraction where the muscle shortens while generating force.

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19

Eccentric Contraction

A type of isotonic contraction where the muscle lengthens while generating force.

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20

Calcium Ion

A key ion in initiating muscle contraction by binding to troponin.

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21

Troponin

A protein that binds calcium and, when activated, moves tropomyosin to expose binding sites on actin.

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22

Tropomyosin

A protein that blocks actin binding sites, preventing contraction until calcium binds to troponin.

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23

Hydrocephalus

A condition characterized by an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain.

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24

Glucose

A simple sugar that is the primary energy source for cells, particularly the brain.

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25

Creatine Phosphate

A molecule that serves as an immediate source of energy for muscle contractions during high-intensity activities.

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26

Kawasaki Disease

A disease often resulting in protein deficiency and muscle wasting, particularly seen in children.

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