fission and fusion

energy is released in nuclear reaction why

-mass of products is less than the reactants

- diff in mass is released as energy

very small nuclei release energu by

increasing in size

very large nuclei release energy by

decreasing in size

atomic mass unit in context

exactly 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom

1 atomic mass unit to kg

x1.66x10^-27

to get from og mass to u

og mass divide by u

electron volt

energy in subatomic particles and radiation

1 ev =

1.60 x 10^-19 J

ev to J

x 1.6 x 10^-19

j to ev

÷ 1.6 x 10^-19

fusion

- when light nuclei forced together, the will fuse and release energy

why fusion release energy

because mass of combination will be less than sum of masses of individual nuclei

fission: if massive nuclei breaks apart

then there will be a net yield of energy

fission why release energy

because the sum of mass of the daughter nuclei is less than mass of the parent nucleus

massive nuclei eg

uranium 235

mass defect

amount of energy released is equal to the mass lost

if pull nucleus apart, the energy you use is the same as

energy released when the nucleus formed

binding energy units

MeV

binding energy is equivalent to (m)

mass defect

mass defect def

difference between total mass of separated nucleons and mass of nucleus

mass defect to total mass comparison

small

mass defect units

kg or atomic mass units (u).

What happens when an atom is formed from its constituent particles?

Energy is released , given by difference in E = difference in Mc^2.

What units must mass and energy be in to use the equation difference in E = difference in Mc^2

Mass must be in kg and energy in joules.

binding energy def

energy required to split nucleus into its constituent nucleons

binding energy is also

energy needed to provide extra mass required for all the nucleons to exist separately

binding energy joules

mass defect (kg) x c^2

binding energy MeV

mass defect (u) x 931

binding energy considerations 2 (work snf)

2. when nucleus forms, energy is released as snf does work pulling nucleons together

binding energy considerations 3 (energy=)

3. energy released is equal to the binding energy of the nucleus

binding energy considerations 4 (separate nucleons)

energy is released when a nucleus forms from separate nucleons

• bc mass of nucleus is less than mass of separated nucleons

binding energy considerations 1 (separation, overcome)

energy must be supplied to overcome the strong force and separate each nucleon from the others