Marine Biology Midterm

Reproduction in seaweeds can be very complex. It generally includes:

Both Sexual and Asexual reproduction

Another word for primary producer is:

autotroph

Which of the following areas are associated with myths and legends of sea monsters and ghost ships?

the Sargasso Sea

Mangroves live in coastal waters that:

are well protected from strong wave action

Coraline algae are members of which type of algae?

Red algae

Macroalgae are:

eukaryotic

Marine flowering plants can be best differentiated from macroalgae by the fact that marine flowering plants:

reproduce by producing seeds

Which pigment is the primary photosynthetic pigment found in all organisms that carry out photosynthesis (except for some bacteria and archaea)?

Chlorophyll a

Which of the following is not a vascular flowering plant found in marine environments?

kelp

Salt-tolerant plants such as those found in salt marshes are called:

halophytes

The most common species of seagrass is _, which provides estuarine habitat to many economically important species.

Eelgrass

Marine green algae can tolerate a wide range of salinities, allowing them to dominate in locations such as:

tide pools and estuaries

Which of the following are not protozoans?

Dinoflagellates

Red tides are caused mostly by:

dinoflagelates

Which of the following is true of archaea?

Which of the following statements about marine viruses is not true?

They are all prokaryotes

Bioluminescence is observed in:

Dinoflagellates

Dinoflagellates that live in association with reef-building corals and other animals are known as:

zooxanthellae

The highest high tides, spring tides, occur about twice each month when the Earth, Sun, and Moon are in a straight line.

True

The tides with the least difference between high tide and low tide, neap tides, occur about twice each month.

Neap tides or true

occur when an area experiences the highest high tides and their lowest low tides.

Spring tides

Waves, tides, and currents all contain energy of motion.

Kinetic energy or true

Algae and many bacteria are primary producers. In contrast to the types of the bacteria that are primary producers, however, all types of algae:

are photosynthetic

The stem-like structure of a macroalgae such as kelp is called the:

stipe

Define longshore currents

a powerful ocean current that flows parallel to the shoreline, moving water and sediment along the beach, caused by waves hitting the coast at an angle

Large, persistent surface currents are caused by prevailing winds.

transfer energy to the water's surface. true?

About twice a month ____ occur when the Sun, Moon, and Earth form a perpendicular angle to one another.

neap tides

Waves are the result of winds transferring energy from the atmosphere to the ocean.

wind transfers energy to the ocean's surface through friction, creating ripples that grow into waves. true?

Define Neap tides

a tide just after the first or third quarters of the moon when there is least difference between high and low water.

Most coastlines on Earth experience a tide pattern, with two high and two low tides a day.

semidurnal tides

Define Spring tides

1. a tide just after a new or full moon, when there is the greatest difference between high and low water. really extreme big tides

Define Surf Zone

the dynamic coastal area where ocean waves break as they approach the shore, transforming from rolling waves into foamy, turbulent water (surf) before running up the beach (swash) and receding (backwash)

The gravitational effects of the Moon and Sun are responsible for Earth’s tides several times each day.

two high two low

Define Gravitational force

the fundamental, attractive force between any two objects with mass or energy, pulling them toward each other, governing planetary orbits, keeping us on Earth

Some locations experience only one high and one low tide a day, which is called a _ tide cycle.

diurnal tide

_and ___ determine the strength of the gravitational attraction between objects.

Mass and Distance

Although the gravitational pull of the ___ on the Earth is greater, it has less of an effect on Earth's tidal changes because it is further from the Earth than the ___.

Sun and the moon

_ is the vertical distance between the high and low tide lines.

tidal range

Tidal range means

the vertical difference in water level between high tide and low tide at a specific location, determined by the moon's and sun's gravity, Earth's rotation, and local coastlines

Each part of the intertidal zone has a different exposure to air, wind, sunlight, and water.

organisms like barnacles (high) or sea stars (low) thrive by adapting to varying periods of air, water, sun, wind, temperature, and moisture. true?

Define Rip currents

a powerful, narrow channel of water flowing away from the shore, cutting through breaking waves, and can pull swimmers out to sea

are often found in coastal ecosystems and in estuaries, where rivers deposit large amounts of sediment.

Mudflats, salt marshes, mangrove forests

Which of the following groups of algae is found mostly in fresh water and on land, such that only a small number of this group are actually marine?

Green algae

The Sargasso Sea is found in the:

Atlantic Ocean

Algae usually are included among the Protista. Some biologists, however, place them instead in:

kingdom Plantae

Encrusting algae are commonly found living:

on rocks

Algin is a natural product extracted from seaweeds. It is used as a(n):

emulsifier in processed foods

The root-like, anchoring structure of many macroalgae is called the:

holdfast

Which of the following is true of coralline red algae?

They accumulate calcium carbonate

Which of the following is true of green algae?

they have pigments similar to those found in land plants

Macroalgae can be best differentiated from phytoplankton by the fact that macroalgae:

are mostly multicelluar

Macroalgae can be best differentiated from true plants because macroalgae:

do not have true roots, leaves, or stems

Which group of macroalgae has the greatest number of species?

red algae

The thallus of a macroalgae refers to its:

Complete body

The most complex and largest of all the macroalgae is a member of which of the following groups?

brown algae

Which type of algae is a common primary producer in polar and temperate rocky coasts?

Brown algae

What group of organisms have a shell made of silica (SiO2)?

Diatoms

A bacteriophage is a type of:

Virus

Cyanobacteria are:

photosynthetic bacteria vital for Earth's oxygenated atmosphere

Which organisms regulate their internal temperature so that it stays much the same even when the external temperature varies?

homeotherms

The term endotherm refers to animals that are:

commonly known as being “warm blooded.”

Which of the following is generally true of typical marine fishes?

they tend to lose water by osmosis because their it internal salt concentration is lower than that of sea water

Which of the following shows the correct order of taxonomic levels?

kingdom, phylum, family, genius, species

An ectotherm would be limited to a specific _ range.

thermal

On the top of the frustule there are

pores

The single sunlit layer of water is dominated by…

Phytoplankton

Which of the following is generally the dominant group of planktonic primary producers in cold water?

Datoms

Downwelling of surface waters to the bottom of the ocean occurs:

with cold, salty water

Gyres:

are large circular systems of surface currents

The major surface currents of the oceans rotate counterclockwise in:

The southern hemisphere only

The Ekman spiral occurs as a result of:

wind.

Nutrient rich cold water is beneficial to

What effect does El Nino have on the local fisheries?

mr tilson really sucks

An area of low pressure is characterized by:

rising warm air

Unequal heating of Earth causes movements of masses of sea water, known as _ .

ocean currents

The Coriolis Effect causes objects on Earth to.

moving freely over long distances on Earth (like air, water, or planes) appear to curve: to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere

Which of the following does not indicate the presence of a rip current?

:>

The small waves restored by surface tension are called __ waves.

capillary

Which of the following is true about tsunami waves?

you got this

The semidiurnal solar tide has a period of:

12 hours

Which term describes sponges attaching to their substrate?

sessile

How do cnidarians typically reproduce?

both sexually and asexually

How do sponges primarily reproduce asexually?

budding/fragmentation

The phylum for sponges is.

Porifera

The two basic body forms utilized by Cnidarians are

the polyp

The salinity of water is generally expressed in:

parts per thousand

What type of beneficial bacteria live in the aquarium?

nitrifying bacteria

What type of water is used to make marine aquarium water?

RODI

What is the specific gravity of ocean water?

1.035

What is the function of an auxospore?

restoration of normal size following division

Which of the following make their own organic compounds by obtaining energy from chemical compounds and not directly from sunlight?

Chemosynthetic bacteria

Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes with regards to the:

shape of their DNA molecules, size of their ribosomes, and absence of a nucleus. 

These organisms have pseudopodia that protrude through its test to trap food particles in the water.

Dinoflagellates

What is the most abundant form of marine life?

Marine microorganisms

Which of the following shows the correct level of organization in order of increasing complexity?

atom, molecule, organ, population, ecosystem

The process by which the individual best adapted to an environment produces more offspring than usual is called:

natural selection

All of the following are characteristics of living things, except:

they all produce diseases

Primary production results in which of the following?

Autotrophs produce more organic matter than is broken down by respiration, resulting in a net increase in organic matter

Autotrophs produce more organic matter than is broken down by respiration, resulting in a net increase in organic matter.

Primary Production

Winds that move toward the east are known as the:

westerlies