urinary system

glomerulus

where filtration occurs

convoluted tubules and loop of Henle

where reabsorption occurs

collecting duct

were urine/filtrate are secreted to move to bladder for storage before voiding re

obligatory reabsorption of water (fixed)

reabsorption of water for proximal tubule and loop of Henle

facultative reabsorption of water (variable)

reabsorption of water for distal tubule and collecting duct

ureters

move urine from kidneys to bladder

urinary bladder

stores urine

urethra

tube connecting bladder to outside

detrusor muscle

smooth muscle layer contracting and relaxing based on urine volume

internal sphincter

made of smooth muscle, involuntary control

external sphincter

made of skeletal muscle, voluntary control

storage phase

sympathetic nervous system relaxes detrusor muscle and contracts internal sphincter, somatic nervous system contracts external sphincter

micturition

urination/voiding of urine

voiding phase

parasympathetic nervous system contracts detrusor muscle to release urine, sympathetic nervous system relaxes internal sphincter, somatic nervous system relaxes external sphincter

RAAS

renin-angiotensinogen-aldosterone-system

angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

from lungs, converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II

renin

from kidneys, converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I

ANP

from atrium of heart

BNP

from ventricles of heart

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

hormone regulating water balance, released from hypothalamus

calcitonin

released from thyroid gland, lowers calcium levels

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

released from parathyroid gland, increases calcium levels

calcitriol

increases calcium reabsorption from dietary intake, released from kidneys

Erythropoietin (EPO)

released by kidneys and regulates RBC production in bone marrow

osmosis

movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

pressure that forces material out of blood and into renal tubule via diffusion

capsular hydrostatic pressure

pressure of fluid inside Bowman’s capsule against GHP

colloid osmotic pressure

proteins in glomerular capillaries try to draw fluid back from Bowman’s capsule