platelet and coagulation diseases

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

the body makes antibodies against platelets causing macrophages to destroy the platelets in the spleen leading to thrombocytopenia

signs of ITP

petichae, anemia in severe hemorrhage, decreased platelet without bone marrow damage

if platelet levels are below 50,000 or there is high hemorrhage risk

when is ITP treated

steroids, IVIG, anti D

first line treatment of ITP

chemo and biological medications

second line treatment of ITP

splenectomy

treatment of ITP if nothing else works. The patients is given pneumococ, meningococ, and Hib vaccines two weeks prior to the surgery

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic purpura

autoimmune destruction of the ADAMTS13 enzyme leading to improper platelet clotting. There won’t be functional platelets during a bleeding because of the thrombocytopenia. Improper clots, will cause, ischemia and hemoylsis of RBCs

plasmapharesis, antiplatelets, and immunosupression

treatment of TTP

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia

antibodies are created against the heparin/PF4 complex which then leads to activation of the platelets and widespread clots

hemophilia

genetic disease that causes missing coagulation factors. It is X linked reccessive meaning it only effects boys. A platelet clots is made without stable fibrin netting leading to spontaneous and excessive bleeding

hemophilia A

the more common hemophilia type in which there is lack of factor 8

hemophilia B

the less common hemophilia type in which there is lack of factor 9

hemophilia signs

severe bleeding from light trauma, spontaneous bleeding, disability due to bleeding in muscles, long PTT, normal PT

administration of the missing factor

treatment of hemophilia