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BAAD meaning
Bases accept, acids donate
[H3O][OH]=kw=
1 × 10^-14
An amphoteric species can be
an acid or a base
Brønsted-Lowry bases accept ? and Brønsted-Lowry acids donate ?
protons
pH for H+ formula
-logH+
pOH for OH- formula
-logOH-
pH + pOH=
14
Higher Ka value means
stronger acid
Lower Ka value means
weaker acid
Does a high Ka have a lower or higher pH?
lower
A buffer forms when a
conjugate weak acid/weak base pair are mixed together.
Formula to calculate pH
pH=pKa+log[base]/[acid]
Spontaneous process
A negative ΔS indicates that the system has become
more ordered
ΔS formula
nΔS products-ΔS reactants
If both ΔH and ΔS are positive, then T must be
large
Entropy is positive when
the degrees of freedom of the system increases
G formula
G= H-TS
If a chemical reaction has a negative ∆H and a negative ∆S, then
it will be spontaneous at low temperatures and non-spontaneous at high temperatures.
A reaction which is endothermic and has an overall increase in entropy is
spontaneous only at high T
If a chemical reaction has a positive ∆H and a negative ∆S, then
it will be non-spontaneous at all temperatures.
A reaction will be spontaneous at all temperatures if
∆H is negative and ∆S is positive
salt of a weak base and a strong acid have what type of pH
acidic
salt of a weak acid and a strong base have what type of pH
basic
larger kb means
stronger base
smaller kb means
weaker base
amphoteric
capable of acting as an acid or base depending on what they are reacting with
amphiprotic
substance that can accept and donate hydrogen ions
