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UNT Biol 3510
46 Terms
1
Endomembrane system
" A network of membranes within eukaryotic cells that are involved in the synthesis, modification, and transport of proteins and lipids."
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2
Endosymbiont
" A cell that lives within another cell, with both cells benefiting from the relationship."
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3
Gated transport
The selective movement of proteins and RNA molecules between the cytoplasm and the nucleus through nuclear pore complexes.
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4
Transport
across membranes The movement of proteins across membranes via protein translocators.
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5
Vesicular transport
The movement of proteins and lipids between membrane-bound compartments via membrane-enclosed transport vesicles.
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6
Signal sequence
A short stretch of amino acids that directs a protein to a specific cellular location.
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7
Necessary and sufficient
A criterion for demonstrating that a signal sequence is both required and adequate for targeting a protein to a specific location.
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8
Co-translational protein translocation
The transport of a protein across the ER membrane while it is being synthesized by a ribosome.
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9
Post-translational protein translocation
The transport of a protein across a membrane after its synthesis is complete.
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10
Protein chaperones
" Proteins that assist in the folding or unfolding of other proteins, and indirectly in protein translocation mechanisms."
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11
Nuclear envelope
The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in eukaryotic cells.
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12
Nuclear lamina
" A network of intermediate filaments that lines the inner surface of the nuclear envelope, providing structural support."
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13
Perinuclear space
The space between the inner and outer nuclear membranes.
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14
Nuclear pore complex
" A large protein complex that spans the nuclear envelope, regulating the passage of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm."
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15
Nucleoporins
Proteins that make up the nuclear pore complex.
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16
Daltons
A unit of mass used to express the molecular weight of proteins and other molecules.
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17
Nuclear fibrils
Protein filaments that extend from the nuclear pore complex into the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm.
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18
Nuclear localization signal
A signal sequence that directs proteins to the nucleus.
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19
Nuclear import receptor
A protein that binds to nuclear localization signals and facilitates the import of proteins into the nucleus.
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20
Ran-GDP
" The inactive form of the Ran GTPase, bound to GDP, with a weak affinity for nuclear import receptor."
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21
Ran-GTP
" The active form of the Ran GTPase, bound to GTP, with a strong affinity for nuclear import receptor."
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22
Ran GAP
" Ran GTPase-activating protein, which triggers GTP hydrolysis by Ran, converting it to Ran-GDP."
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23
Ran GEF
" Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor, which promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on Ran, converting it to Ran-GTP."
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24
Signal peptidase
An enzyme that removes the signal sequence from a protein after it has been translocated across a membrane.
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25
Signal-recognition particle (SRP)
A ribonucleoprotein complex that binds to signal sequences and targets ribosomes to the ER membrane.
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26
SRP Receptor
A protein on the ER membrane that binds to SRP and the ribosome assisting with protein import to the ER.
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27
ER-bound ribosome
A ribosome that is attached to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
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28
Free ribosome
A ribosome that is not attached to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
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29
Polyribosome (polysome)
A cluster of ribosomes simultaneously translating a single mRNA molecule.
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30
Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
The interior space of the endoplasmic reticulum.
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31
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
The membrane that surrounds the endoplasmic reticulum.
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32
Start and stop signals
Signal sequences that initiate and terminate the translocation of a protein across the ER membrane.
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33
Single-pass transmembrane
A protein that spans the membrane only once.
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34
Multi-pass transmembrane
A protein that spans the membrane multiple times.
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35
Sec complex
" A protein complex that forms a channel in the ER membrane, allowing the translocation of proteins."
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36
BiP (hsp70-like chaperone protein)
A chaperone protein in the ER lumen that assists in protein folding.
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37
Molecular ratchet model
A model explaining how proteins are pulled through the ER membrane using BiP and ATP hydrolysis.
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38
Mitochondrial envelope
The double membrane surrounding the mitochondrion.
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39
Mitochondrial intermembrane space
The space between the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes.
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40
Mitochondrial cristae
The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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41
Mitochondrial matrix
The innermost compartment of the mitochondrion.
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42
TIM complex
" Translocase of the inner mitochondrial membrane, a protein complex that mediates the import of proteins into the mitochondrial matrix."
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43
TOM complex
" Translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane, a protein complex that mediates the import of the proteins into the mitochondrial intermembrane space."
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44
Peroxisome
" A membrane-bound organelle that contains enzymes involved in various metabolic reactions, including the breakdown of fatty acids. "
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45
Peroxisome signal sequence
A signal sequence that directs proteins to the peroxisome.
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46
Peroxin
Proteins that mediate the import of proteins into peroxisomes.
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