Earthworm dissection

Clitellum

Reproductive structure of the earthworm that produces the slime tube/cocoon for external fertilization.

Anterior

The end of the earthworm that is closer to the clitellum.

Posterior

The end of the earthworm that is further away from the clitellum.

Dorsal

The top side of the earthworm, typically darker in color.

Ventral

The bottom side of the earthworm, usually lighter in color and feels like sandpaper due to setae.

Aortic arches

Structures that carry blood from the dorsal blood vessel toward the ventral side, helping maintain pressure.

Seminal vesicles

Structures that store sperm produced within the earthworm.

Seminal receptacles

Structures that store sperm received from another earthworm.

Pharynx

Muscular tube that swallows food (soil), connecting the mouth to the esophagus.

Crop

Part of the digestive system that stores food, analogous to the stomach in vertebrates.

Gizzard

Muscular organ that grinds food in the digestive system.

Closed circulatory system

A type of circulatory system where blood is contained within vessels.

Monoecious

Refers to organisms that have both male and female reproductive structures.

Intestine

The part of the digestive system where food digestion and nutrient absorption occur.

Setae

Bristle-like structures on the ventral side of the earthworm that assist with movement.

Nerve cord

A structure that extends into the segments of the earthworm, part of the nervous system.