D3.1 Reproduction

Testes

Produces sperm and testosterone

Scrotum

Protects the testes and maintains temperature

Epididymis

Stores sperm until ejaculation

Sperm duct/vas deferens

Transfers sperm during ejaculation

Seminal vesicle and prostate gland

Secretes fluids containing alkali, proteins and fructose, added to sperm to make semen

Urethra

Transfers sperm/urine

Penis

Penetrates vagina for ejaculation of semen near the cervix

Ovary

Produces eggs, estrogen, and progesterone

Oviduct/fallopian tube

Collects eggs at ovulation, site for fertilization → moves embryo to uterus

Cervix

Protects the fetus during pregnancy Dilates during birth to provide birth canal

Vagina

Stimulates penis to cause ejaculation + provides birth canal

Vulva

Protects internal parts of the female productive system

What hormone is secreted by Hypothalamus in the follicular phase?

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

What hormones does the pituitary gland release in response to Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Lutenizing hormone (LH)

What does FSH do in ovarian cycle

Stimulates follicle development

Estrogen response to high levels of FSH

Estrogen inhibits FSH and stimulates LH secretion

Estrogen’s role in ovarian cycle

Stimulates thickening of endometrium

What does LH do in ovarian cycle

Stimulates completion of meiosis and development of corpus luteum

Corpus luteum function

Secretes estrogen and progesterone

Progesterone function in ovarian cycle

Inhibits FSH and LH secretion

Stamen

Male parts of a flower

Anther

Sac where pollen is produced

Filament

Stalk that holds the anther

Pollen

Plant male gametes

Carpels

Female parts of a flower

Stigma

Receives pollen

Style

Tube connecting Stigma and ovary

Ovary (flower)

place where fertilization occurs + production of ovules

Ovules

Plants female gametes

Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) function in puberty

Causes pituitary gland to secrete FSH and LH

FSH effect in males during puberty

Testes growth

LH effect in males during puberty

testosterone secretion

Effect of testosterone in males

• enlargement of penis

• growth of pubic hair

• deepening of voice

FSH effect in females during puberty

Follicle development and secretion of estradiol

LH effect in females during puberty

Corpus luteum development → secretion of estrogen and progesterone

Effect of estrogen/progesterone in females

• enlargement of uterus

• breast development

• growth of pubic hair

• mammary glands + lactation

hCG

Human chorionic gonadotropin

hCG secreted by embryo’s trophoblast cells

stimulates corpus luteum development and progesterone secretion → maintain uterus lining

Progesterone’s effect on pregnancy

Inhibits oxytocin secretion and contractions

Positive feedback loop in birth

Oxytocin increases contractions → increases oxytocin production