D3.1 Reproduction

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40 Terms

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Testes

Produces sperm and testosterone

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Scrotum

Protects the testes and maintains temperature

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Epididymis

Stores sperm until ejaculation

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Sperm duct/vas deferens

Transfers sperm during ejaculation

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Seminal vesicle and prostate gland

Secretes fluids containing alkali, proteins and fructose, added to sperm to make semen

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Urethra

Transfers sperm/urine

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Penis

Penetrates vagina for ejaculation of semen near the cervix

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Ovary

Produces eggs, estrogen, and progesterone

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Oviduct/fallopian tube

Collects eggs at ovulation, site for fertilization → moves embryo to uterus

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Cervix

Protects the fetus during pregnancy Dilates during birth to provide birth canal

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Vagina

Stimulates penis to cause ejaculation + provides birth canal

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Vulva

Protects internal parts of the female productive system

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What hormone is secreted by Hypothalamus in the follicular phase?

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

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What hormones does the pituitary gland release in response to Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Lutenizing hormone (LH)

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What does FSH do in ovarian cycle

Stimulates follicle development and stimulates estrogen production

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Estrogen response to high levels of FSH

Estrogen inhibits FSH and stimulates LH secretion

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Estrogen’s role in ovarian cycle

Stimulates thickening of endometrium

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What does LH do in ovarian cycle

Stimulates completion of meiosis and development of corpus luteum, triggering ovulation

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Corpus luteum function

Secretes estrogen and progesterone

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Progesterone function in ovarian cycle

Inhibits FSH and LH secretion

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Stamen

Male parts of a flower

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Anther

Sac where pollen is produced

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Filament

Stalk that holds the anther

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Pollen

Plant male gametes

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Carpels

Female parts of a flower

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Stigma

Receives pollen

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Style

Tube connecting Stigma and ovary

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Ovary (flower)

place where fertilization occurs + production of ovules

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Ovules

Plants female gametes

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Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) function in puberty

Causes pituitary gland to secrete FSH and LH

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FSH effect in males during puberty

Testes growth

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LH effect in males during puberty

testosterone secretion

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Effect of testosterone in males

  • enlargement of penis

  • growth of pubic hair

  • deepening of voice

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FSH effect in females during puberty

Follicle development and secretion of estradiol

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LH effect in females during puberty

Corpus luteum development → secretion of estrogen and progesterone

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Effect of estrogen/progesterone in females

  • enlargement of uterus

  • breast development

  • growth of pubic hair

  • mammary glands + lactation

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hCG

Human chorionic gonadotropin

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hCG secreted by embryo’s trophoblast cells

stimulates corpus luteum development and progesterone secretion → maintain uterus lining

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Progesterone’s effect on pregnancy

Inhibits oxytocin secretion and contractions, and maintains endometrium

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Positive feedback loop in birth

Oxytocin increases contractions → increases oxytocin production