personality disorders (from textbook)

PD features

dysfunctional + inflexible personality traits that deviate significantly from cultural expectations

PD clusters

- A: odd / eccentric
- B: dramatic / erratic / emotional
- C: anxious / fearful

odd / eccentric PDs

- paranoid PD
- schizoid PD
- schizotypal PD

paranoid PD

general distrust + suspiciousness of others

schizoid PD

social isolation and restricted emotional experience + expression

schizotypal PD

social anxiety, paranoid fears, and eccentric behavior + perceptions + thoughts (delusions + illusions)

what is the most commonly occurring PD cluster

odd / eccentric

what are odd / eccentric PDs comorbid with?

anxiety-related and depressive disorders

dramatic PD

- antisocial PD
- histrionic PD
- borderline PD
- narcissistic PD

antisocial PD

problematic interpersonal styles (arrogance, lack of empathy, and manipulativeness)

borderline PD

impulsivity, unstable affect + interpersonal relationships, and suicidality

histrionic PD

excessive need for attention, superficial + fleeting emotions, impulsivity

narcissistic PD

grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy for others

what are the most common dramatic PDs?

antisocial + borderline PD

anxious / fearful PDs

- avoidant PD
- dependent PD
- obsessive-compulsive PD

avoidant PD

pervasive pattern of anxiety, feelings of inadequacy, and social hypersensitivity

dependent PD

pervasive + excessive need to be cared for, leading to submissiveness, clinging behavior, and fears of separation

obsessive-compulsive PD

preoccupation w orderliness, perfectionism, and control

what are the most common anxious / fearful PDs?

avoidant + obsessive-compulsive PD

what is the cause of the stigma around PDs?

strong emotions + impulsive behaviors

what is a strong influence for schizotypal PD?

genetic influences (bc of its place on SxS spectrum)

major environmental risk factors for odd / eccentric

- parental maltreatment + withdrawal
- cognitive distortions

what traits of dramatic PDs have genetic predispositions?

impulsive + aggressive behavior
- affective instability

what do preventions for PD focus on?

reducing major risk factors
- child maltreatment
- poor interpersonal skills
- emotional dysregulation

biological treatment for PD

medication (to ease anxiety + depression, stabilize mood, and reduce comorbid psychotic symptoms)

most common assessments for symptoms of PD

- self-report questionnaires
- interviews
- informant reports

psychological treatments for PD

- short term psychodynamic therapy
- cognitive-behavioral interventions
- dialectical behavioral therapy

how effective are psych treatments for PD?

moderately effective (as they are not specifically tailored to PDs)

course of PD

chronic + can remit over time

dialectical behavior therapy (dbt)

- made by linehan
- target behavioral patterns of BPD + suicide patients

psychopathy

psychological CONSTRUCT that describes chronic immoral + antisocial behavior

psychopath

someonethat receives gratification from doing immoral things

relationship between antisocial + psychopathy

nearly all psychopaths have ASPD but not all that have ASPD are psychopaths

triad for aspd (childhood predictors for adsp in serial killers)

- (childhood predictors for adsp in serial killers)
- bedwetting
- hurting animals
- pyromania

histrionic personality disorder mnemonic

- Provocative
- Relationships (unstable / bad)
- Attention-seeking
- Influenced easily
- Speech
- Emotional instability
- Make-up
- Exaggerated emotions

malignant narcissism

- NOT A DIAGNOSIS
- extreme form of antisocial PD with narcissistic elements