Semester Review APCSP

variable

a named reference to a value that can be used repeatedly throughout a program

function

a named group of programming instructions

selection

determines which parts of an algorithm are executed based on a condition being true

parameter

input variables of a procedure

argument

specify the values of the parameters when a procedure is called

global variable

can be accessed in the entire program

local variable

can only be accessed within the function in which they are defined

conditional statement

affect the sequential flow of control by executing different statements based on the value of a boolean expression

boolean expression

expressions are evaluated to produce a single value

boolean value

a data type that is either true or false

relational operator

used to test the relationship between two variables, expressions, or values

assignment operator

allows the program to change the value represented by a variable

string

an ordered sequence of characters

expression

a programming statement that can consist of a value, a variable, an operator, or a procedure call that returns a value

events

associated with an action and supplies input data to a program

function call

a command that executes the code within a function

bit

the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1

intellectual property

a work or invention that is the result of creativity, such as a piece of writing or a design, to which one has rights and for which one may apply for a patent, copyright, trademark, etc

round-off error

error from attempting to represent a number that is too precise

digital data

data that changes discreetly through a finite set of possible values

open access

online research output free of any and all restrictions on access and free of many restrictions on use, such as copyright or license restrictions

creative commons

a collection of public copyright licenses that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted work, used when an author wants to give people the right to share, use, and build upon a work that they have created

lossy compression

a process for reducing the number of bits needed to represent something in which some information is lost or thrown away. This process is not reversible

list

an abstract data type that represents a finite number of ordered values, where the same value may occur more than once.

loop

repeat themselves over and over until the condition for stopping is met

certificate authority

issue digital certificates that validate the ownership of encryption keys used in secure communications and are based on a trust model

protocol

an agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system

bandwidth

the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time

HTTP

the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet

syntax error

a mistake in the program where the rules of the programming language are not followed

input

data that are sent to a computer for processing by a program

iterative development

process requires refinement and revision based on feedback, testing or reflection throughout the process