a named reference to a value that can be used repeatedly throughout a program
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function
a named group of programming instructions
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selection
determines which parts of an algorithm are executed based on a condition being true
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parameter
input variables of a procedure
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argument
specify the values of the parameters when a procedure is called
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global variable
can be accessed in the entire program
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local variable
can only be accessed within the function in which they are defined
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conditional statement
affect the sequential flow of control by executing different statements based on the value of a boolean expression
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boolean expression
expressions are evaluated to produce a single value
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boolean value
a data type that is either true or false
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relational operator
used to test the relationship between two variables, expressions, or values
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assignment operator
allows the program to change the value represented by a variable
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string
an ordered sequence of characters
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expression
a programming statement that can consist of a value, a variable, an operator, or a procedure call that returns a value
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events
associated with an action and supplies input data to a program
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function call
a command that executes the code within a function
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bit
the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1
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intellectual property
a work or invention that is the result of creativity, such as a piece of writing or a design, to which one has rights and for which one may apply for a patent, copyright, trademark, etc
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round-off error
error from attempting to represent a number that is too precise
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digital data
data that changes discreetly through a finite set of possible values
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open access
online research output free of any and all restrictions on access and free of many restrictions on use, such as copyright or license restrictions
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creative commons
a collection of public copyright licenses that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted work, used when an author wants to give people the right to share, use, and build upon a work that they have created
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lossy compression
a process for reducing the number of bits needed to represent something in which some information is lost or thrown away. This process is not reversible
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list
an abstract data type that represents a finite number of ordered values, where the same value may occur more than once.
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loop
repeat themselves over and over until the condition for stopping is met
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certificate authority
issue digital certificates that validate the ownership of encryption keys used in secure communications and are based on a trust model
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protocol
an agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system
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bandwidth
the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time
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HTTP
the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet
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syntax error
a mistake in the program where the rules of the programming language are not followed
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input
data that are sent to a computer for processing by a program
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iterative development
process requires refinement and revision based on feedback, testing or reflection throughout the process