adfsd

Body system including skin, hair, nails, and glands that protects, regulates temperature, and maintains homeostasis.

Integumentary System

The largest organ of the human body, covering about 2 square meters in adults; composed of the epidermis and dermis.

Skin

The thin, outer layer of the skin made mostly of keratinized epithelial cells; lacks blood vessels and nerves.

Epidermis

The thicker inner layer of the skin made of connective tissue and collagen fibers; contains nerves, blood vessels, and glands.

Dermis

A fatty connective layer beneath the dermis that insulates and cushions the body.

Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Layer)

Main cells of the epidermis that produce keratin, giving skin strength and waterproofing.

Keratinocytes

Pigment-producing cells in the epidermis that make melanin for UV protection and skin color.

Melanocytes

Glands that secrete sebum to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair.

Sebaceous (Oil) Glands

Glands that secrete sweat to regulate temperature and remove waste through evaporation.

Sweat (Sudoriferous) Glands

Structures in the dermis that produce hair and contain stem cells that assist in skin regeneration.

Hair Follicles

The process by which the skin helps regulate internal body balance, including temperature and water loss.

Homeostasis

A wound that affects only the epidermis; healed by rapid epithelial cell division.

Shallow Cut

A wound extending into the dermis or subcutaneous layer; triggers bleeding and clot formation.

Deep Cut

A mesh of fibrin, blood cells, and platelets that seals a wound and prevents fluid loss.

Blood Clot

Dried tissue fluid and clot that forms a protective layer over a healing wound.

Scab

A protective response where blood flow increases and macrophages clean up debris and pathogens.

Inflammation

Phagocytic white blood cells that remove dead cells and bacteria during wound healing.

Macrophages

Connective tissue cells that secrete collagen fibers to strengthen and bind a wound.

Fibroblasts

Strong protein strands in the dermis that provide structural support and help form scar tissue.

Collagen Fibers

Stage of healing when epithelial cells multiply and new tissue forms.

Proliferation Phase

Final healing stage where tissue strengthens and the scab falls off; scars may form.

Remodeling (Maturation) Phase

Superficial burn damaging only the epidermis; causes redness and mild pain; heals without scarring.

First-Degree Burn

Burn damaging the epidermis and part of the dermis; produces blisters and pain; heals with little or no scarring.

Second-Degree Burn

Full-thickness burn destroying epidermis, dermis, and accessory structures; may require skin grafts.

Third-Degree Burn

A medical procedure transferring healthy skin to cover a severe burn or wound.

Skin Graft

A method for estimating the percentage of body surface area affected by burns.

Rule of Nines

Used to plan fluid replacement, electrolyte management, and treatment for burn patients.

Purpose of Rule of Nines

A pigment produced by melanocytes that gives skin its color and protects against UV damage.

Melanin

Components of the skin such as hair, nails, and glands that assist in protection and regulation.

Accessory Structures

Regulates body temperature, water balance, and excretion, while protecting internal organs.

Homeostatic Role of Skin