personality of psychology exam 3

Cognition

Mental processes involved in acquiring

Perception

The process of noticing and sensing information from the environment.

Interpretation

The process of making meaning out of perceived information.

Field Independent

Ability to separate details from surrounding context.

Field Dependent

Tendency to be influenced by context and surroundings.

Reducer

Person who experiences sensory input

Augmenter

Person who experiences sensations as more intense.

Locus of Control

Beliefs about what controls outcomes in life.

Internal Locus of Control

Belief that outcomes result from one’s own actions.

External Locus of Control

Belief that outcomes are controlled by luck or fate.

Learned Helplessness

Giving up after repeated failure

Attribution

Explanation for the causes of behavior or events.

Self■Serving Bias

Attributing success to oneself and failure to external causes.

Fundamental Attribution Error

Overemphasizing personality over situations when judging others.

Self■Efficacy

Belief in one’s ability to successfully perform a task.

Promotion Focus

Motivation driven by growth and accomplishment.

Prevention Focus

Motivation driven by safety and responsibility.

Emotion

A response involving physiological arousal

Emotional State

Temporary emotional experience.

Emotional Trait

Stable tendency to experience certain emotions.

Happiness

Overall subjective well■being.

Life Satisfaction

Cognitive evaluation of one’s life.

Hedonic Component

Emotional pleasure or positive feelings.

Neuroticism

Personality trait involving chronic negative emotions.

Diathesis■Stress Model

Mental disorder develops from vulnerability plus stress.

Cognitive Triad

Negative views of self

Self■Concept

Beliefs and knowledge about oneself.

Self■Esteem

Overall evaluation of self■worth.

Possible Selves

Ideas of what one might become in the future.

Self■Handicapping

Creating obstacles to excuse possible failure.

Social Identity

Part of self derived from group membership.

Selection

Choosing environments and relationships that fit personality.

Evocation

Personality traits drawing reactions from others.

Self■Fulfilling Prophecy

Expectations causing behaviors that confirm them.

Machiavellianism

Manipulative

Narcissism

Self■centered trait involving need for admiration.