AP HuG - Unit 3, Chapter 7

Activity space

Activity space

the space within which daily activity occurs

Animistic Religions

the belief that inanimate objects possess souls and can help or hinder human efforts on earth

Buddhism

religion characterized by the belief that enlightenment would come through knowledge, elimination of greed, craving, and desire, complete honesty, and never hurting another person or animal

caste systems

the strict social segregation of people on the basis of ancestry and occupation

Christianity

religion based on the teachings of Jesus

Confucianism

a philosophy of ethics education, and public service based on the writings of Confucius and traditionally thought of as one of the core elements of Chinese culture

Diaspora

forceful or voluntary dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place

Eastern Orthodox Church

one of the three major branches of Christianity centered in Constantinople

ethnic cleansing

the deliberate and systematic removal of an ethnic or religious group from a specific geographic area by a more dominant group

Ethnic Religion

a region that is particular to one culturally distinct group of people

Feng-Shui

literally meaning “wind-water”; the Chinese art and science of placement and orientation of tombs, dwellings, buildings, and cities

Genocide

the deliberate and systematic extermination of a particular ethnic, racial, religious, or national group with the intent to destroy that group entirely

Hajj

the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca the birthplace of Muhammad

Hinduism

one of the oldest religions in the modern world, originating in the Indus River Valley; it is unique among the world religions in that it does not have a single founder, a single theology, or agreement on its origins

Intra-faith boundaries

boundaries with a single major faith

Islam

the youngest of the major world religions, it is based on the teachings of Muhammad; according to its teachings Muhammad received the truth directly from Allah in a series of revelations

Jihad

a doctrine within Islam, represents either a personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up to the standards set by the Qu’ran, the Islamic holy book

Judaism

religion with its roots in the teachings of Abraham, who is credited with uniting his people to worship only one god

Minarets

towers attached to a Muslim mosque, having one or more balconies from which a crier calls Muslims to prayer

Pilgrimage

voluntary travel by an adherent to a sacred site to pay respects or participate in a ritual at the site

Polytheistic Religions

belief system in which multiple deities are revered as creators and arbiters of all that exists in the universe

Protestant

one of the three major branches of Christianity, following widespread societal changes in Europe people began to question the role of religion in their lives and opened their doors to the Protestant Reformation

religious extremism

religious fundamentalism carried to the point of violence

religious fundamentalism

religious movement whose objections are to return to the foundation of the faith and to influence state policy

Roman Catholic Church

one of the three major branches of christianity, arose out of the division of the Roman Empire centered in Rome

Sacred Sites

place or space people infuse with religious meaning

Secularism

the idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on earth not to accommodate the prescriptions of a deity and promises of a comfortable afterlife

Shi'ite

adherents of one of the two main divisions of Islam, they represent the Persian (Iranian) variation of Islam

Shamanism

community faith in traditional societies in which people follow their shaman; a religious teacher, leader, healer, and visionary

Shintoism

religion located in Japan and related to Buddhism; focuses primarily on nature and ancestor worship

Sunnis

adherents to the largest branch of Islam, called the Orthodox or Traditionalist

Taoism

religion believed to have been founded by Lao-Tsu, focused on the proper form of political rule and oneness of humanity and nature

Zionism

the movement to unite the Jewish people of the diaspora and to establish a national homeland for them in the promised land