ocean exam 3

marine conservation

protection and preservation of ecosystems in/along oceans and seas

ecosystem

community of organisms living in conjunction with nonliving components of their environment interacting as a system and with a biotic and abiotic parts linked through mass and energy flows

marine ecosystems

estuarine ecosystems, coral reefs, continental margin, deep ocean

estuaries

a partly enclosed coastal body of water in which river water is mixed with seawater

abiotic factors

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related to non-living things

plastics, uv radiation, salinity extreme pH levels, exposure to air, extreme temperatures, currents, turbulence and pressure, lack of sunlight

biotic factors

related to living things

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parasitism, fouling, predation, competition for food, competition for space

conservation

sustainable use and management of natural of resources including wildlife, water air and earth deposits

preservation

goal of maintaining items or places in their present condition

coastal zone management

involves managing coastal areas to balance environmental, economic, human health and human activities

sustainability

3 pillars- social, environmental, and economic

local management (CZM)

towns, ri department of environmental management, land trusts and associations, coastal resources management council, ri sea grant

coastal resources management council (crmc)

\-implementation of its integrated and comprehensive coastal management plans

\-issuance of permits for work with the coastal zone of the state

marine protected area

any area of the marine environment that has been reserved by federal, state, territorial, tribal or local laws of regulations to provide lasting protection for part or all of the natural and cultural resources therein

EEZ

economic exclusion zone

pollution

presence or introduction of materials into the environment that cause harm

contamination

the presence of a substance that should not be present naturally but it might not be causing harm

pollution content

nutrients, pathogens, toxic compounds, marine debris, sound, oil polution

what is nutrient pollution

process where too many nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus, are added to bodies of water

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can act like fertilizer, causing excessive growth of algae and other impacts

eutrophication

over enrichment of nutrients in a body of water that causes system changes such as increased production of algae, deterioration or water quality, depletion of fish species, and other effects that reduce preclude use

pathogens

disease causing organisms

they include bacteria, viruses and parasites

major marine pollution activities

industry, agriculture runoff, sewage, trash, oil production and transportation

most significant oil spills

gulf war-1991

deep water horizon 2010

ixtoc 1 oil well 1979

atlantic empress1979

nowruz oil field spill 1983

abt summer 1991

castillo de bellver oil spill 1983

amoco cadiz oil spill 1978

deep water horizon

when- 2010

what- oil well, methane gas explosion

how long- 87 days

it killed thousands of marine mammals and sea turtles and contaminated their habitats

they pled guilty to 14 felony counts and was fined a record $4 billion

marine debris

marine litter or human created waste that has deliberately or accidentally been released into a body of water

solid, biodegrade slowly

plastics

blue economy

sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods and jobs while preserving the health of ocean ecosystem

sectors of blue economy

aquaculture, coastal and maritime tourism, marine biotechnology, renewable energy and mineral resources

value of RI blue economy

5 billion

US blue economy value

accdoring to google: 397 billion

example industries of blue economy

renewable energy, aquaculture, seabed extractive activities and marine biotechnology and bioprospecting