Science Ch 14: Earth's Changing Surface

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Compression

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24 Terms

1

Compression

The squeezing force at a convergent boundary

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2

Continental drift

The hypothesis that continents move developed by Alfred Wegner

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3

Convergent Boundary

Where two plates move towards each other

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4

Divergent boundary

Where two plates move apart from each other

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5

Plate tectonics

States that Earth’s crust is broken into rigid plates that move over Earth’s surface slowly

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6

Shear

The side-by-side dragging force at transform boundaries

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7

Subduction zone

The area where one plate slides under another

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8

Tension

The pulling force at a divergent boundary

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9

Transform boundary

Where two plates slide horizontally past each other

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10

Caldera

A large depression in the center of a volcano

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11

Earthquake

The rupture and sudden movement of rock along a break or crack in Earth’s crust

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12

Fault

The surface along which the crust moves

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13

Hot spots

Locations where volcanoes form far from plate boundaries

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14

Lava flow

Long stream of molten rock

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15

Mid-ocean ridge

The mountains that form as this lava builds up and cools

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16

Volcanic Ash

Small pieces of solidified lava in the atmosphere

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17

Chemical Weathering

The process of changing the composition of rocks and minerals by exposure to water and the atmosphere

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18

Composition

The makeup of something

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19

Deposition

The process of laying down eroded material in a new location

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20

Erosion

The moving of weathered material, or sediment, from one location to another

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21

Physical weathering

The process of breaking rock into small pieces without changing the composition of the rock

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22

Sediment

The minerals and small pieces of rock

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23

Soil

Consists of weathered rock, mineral material, water, air, and organic matter from the remains of organisms

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24

Weathering

The process that breaks down rocks, changing Earth’s surface over time

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