1.4 Political Socialization

Political Socialization

The process in which people acquire their political beliefs.

Agents of Political Socialization

Various influences that shape an individual's political beliefs, including family, schools, religion, race, income, mass media, and gender.

Family

The strongest agent of political socialization; there is a correlation between parents' party affiliation and children's party affiliation.

Schools

Institutions that impact basic values such as civic duty and patriotism; however, high school classes do not significantly change students' political orientations.

College students

Generally more liberal than the general population, especially those at prestigious schools.

Protestant Influence

Generally more conservative, with Evangelicals being especially conservative on social issues.

Catholic Influence

Traditionally more liberal, but recent trends show increasing conservatism, particularly noted in the 2004 election.

Jewish Influence

Strongly liberal, with around 80% support for the Democratic Party.

Race and Politics

Political affiliations often vary by race, with African Americans generally supporting the Democratic Party and whites leaning more conservative.

Income and Politics

Higher incomes correlate with conservatism and support for Republicans, while lower incomes tend to be more liberal and supportive of Democrats.

Mass Media

An influential agent of political socialization that shapes public perceptions and beliefs.

Cross Pressure

Conflicting influences within an individual's political socialization, such as the experiences of an African American woman who is Protestant.