Powerpoint Chapter 5

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Psychology

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18 Terms

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Sensation

The process by which sensory receptor neurons detect information and transmit it to the brain.

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Perception

The interpretation of sensory input.

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Action

Motor activities prompted by sensory and/or perceptual information.

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Constructivists

Those who believe perceptions are constructed through learning, aligning with the nurture perspective.

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Nativists

Those who argue that innate capabilities and maturational programs drive perceptual development, aligning with the nature perspective.

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Gibson's ecological theory of perception

Suggests that nature and nurture are inseparable and that perceptual information is readily available in the environment.

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Visual acuity

The ability to perceive detail, which is poor at birth but improves significantly in the first month.

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Visual accommodation

The ability of the lens of the eye to change shape to focus on objects at different distances.

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Habituation

A method for assessing infant perception where the same stimulus is presented repeatedly until the infant loses interest.

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Preferential looking

A technique used to assess infant perception by showing two different stimuli to see which one the infant prefers.

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Evoked potentials

The measurement of electrical activity in the brain while an infant is exposed to stimuli.

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Operant conditioning

A method of assessing infant perception by conditioning infants to respond to specific stimuli.

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Dynamic systems theory

A theory stating that developments in motor skills occur through a self-organizing process incorporating sensory feedback.

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Cross-modal perception

The ability to recognize through one sense an object familiar through another sense.

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Selective attention

The ability to concentrate on one thing while ignoring others, which improves with age.

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Presbyopia

The aging of the eye that results in decreased ability to see close objects.

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

A condition where photoreceptors in the central macula deteriorate, leading to loss of central vision.

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Presbycusis

Age-related problems of the ear that affect hearing sensitivity, especially to high frequencies.