CHAPTER 16- SCIENCE

Which organ of the digestive system is the longest?

Small intestine (6 to 7 meters)

Parts of food your body can use

Nutrients

Six basic nutrients

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

• Minerals

• Water

• Vitamins

• Fat

Raw materials used to make proteins

Amino acids

5 Basic FOOD GROUPS

1. MILK, CHEESE, YOGURT

2. FRUITS

3. VEGETABLES

4. BREAD, CEREAL, RICE

5. MEAT, NUTS, FISH

Mechanical digestion

Physical action of breaking down food.

Chemical digestion

Chemical substances digest food

Source that is not food

Sunlight

Name all the organs of the digestive system

• Mouth

• Salivary glands

• Esophagus

• Stomach

• Liver

• Gallbladder

• Pancreas

• Large intestine

• Small intestine

• Rectum

• Anus

• Appendix

Water soluble vitamins

They dissolve in water and aren’t stored in the body

Fat soluble vitamins

Stored in the liver and fatty tissue, they stay in the body

VITAMIN A OR

Carotene

VITAMIN D OR

Calcipherol

VITAMIN E OR

Tocopherol

VITAMIN K OR

K

VITAMIN B1 OR

thiamine

VITAMIN B2 or

Riboflavin

B3 OR

Niacin

B6 OR

Pyridoxine

B5 OR

PANTOTHENIC

B9 OR

Folic acid

B12 OR

CYANCOBALAMIN

VITAMIN C OR

ABSORBIC ACID

Name all minerals

Calcium, Chlorine, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Sodium, Lodine, Fluorine, Iron, Potassium

Small flap of tissue

Epiglottis

The esophagus uses:

Peristalsis

Characteristics of esophagus

Pipe-shaped tube, slippery mucus, 12 seconds for food to travel from esophagus to stomach

Sources of minerals and sodium

Mineral: meats, milk, salt

Sodium: Many foods, salt

Describe the process of digestion

1. Starts in the mouth where food is chewed and mixed with saliva

2. It goes down the esophagus through peristalsis and acids break it down

3. Small intestine, nutrients are absorbed

4. Large intestine, water absorbed

5. Rectum, stores feces until they are ready to leave the body

6. Feces leave the body through the anus

Most digestion takes place in

Small intestine

Saliva

Ptyalin

Gastric

Pepsin

Pancreatic

Amylase

Intestine

Lactase

Salivary glands

Produce saliva

Why are the liver and the pancreas called digestive helpers instead of digestive organs?

Food doesn’t pass through them

3 digestive helpers

Liver, pancreas

A Healthy Diet supplies the digestive system with the materials needed for__,__,___

Health, grow, repair