Chapter One Vocab

Integumentary System

Skin, Hair, Nail

Skeletal System

Bones, cartilage, ligaments

Muscular System

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles

Nervous System

Brain, spinal cord, periperal nerves

Endocrine system

Glands (pancreas, adrenals, pituitary)

Cardiovascular System

Heart, blood vessels

Respiratory System

Lungs, Trachea, Pharynx

Lymphatic

Lymph Nodes, thymus, spleen

Digestive

Stomach, Intestines, esophagus

Urinary

Kidneys and Bladder

Reproductive

Testes or ovaries

Anterior (Ventral)

Toward the front/ belly

Posterior (Dorsal)

Toward the back

Cranial

Toward the head

Caudal

Toward the tail

Medial

Toward the midline

Lateral

toward the sides

Superficial

Near the surface of the body or organ

Deep

Toward the center of the body/organ

Superior

Above some other body part

Inferior

Below some other body part

Supine

Face Up

Prone

Face Down

Cubit

Elbow, Forearm

Carp

Wrist

Pect

Chest, Breast

Cervic

Neck, Cervix

Cephal(o/a)

Head

Ante

Before

Bucc(o/a)

Cheek

Cox(o/a)

Hip

Glut(e/eo)

Buttocks

Axill(o/a)

Armpit

Abdominopelvic Cavity

The abdominal pelvic cavity

Metabolism

The sum of total chemical reactions in the body that break substances down and build them up.

Anatomy

The branch of science dealing w/ body parts

Physiology

Functions of body parts.

Organelle

Contained in all living cells of humans that carry out a specific activity

Organism

Living things

Reproduction

Production of new organisms and cells

Respiration

Obtaining oxygen, removing CO2, releasing energy from food. (Some organisms don’t use oxygen.)

Digestion

Breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used.

Absorption

Passage of substances through membranes and into bodily fluids.

Circulation

Movement of substances in bodily fluids.

Assimilation

Changing absorbed substances into chemically different forms

Excretion

Removal of waste products by metabolic reactions.

Homeostasis

Maintaining a stable internal environment

Negative feedback

deviation from homeostasis is corrected

Axial

portions in which the human body can be divided

Appendicular

Axial including upper and lower limbs

Parietal

The membrane attached to the cavity

Thoracic cavity

above the diaphragm in the chest.

Peritoneal Cavity

the space between visceral and parietal peritoneal membranes

Pericardium

Serous membrane surrounding the heart.

Viscera

organs within thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity.