ENGLISH 1ST QTR

Fables

Short stories that teach morals through a fictional setting.

The Tiger Who Would Be King

A story by James Thurber that illustrates that power for its own sake is meaningless.

Modals

Helping verbs that assist in expressing modality or ability.

Can

The least formal way to express that someone is allowed or able to do something.

Could

A modal verb indicating permission or ability in the past.

May

A polite modal verb used to ask for permission, more formal than 'can'.

Obligation

Something that one is required to do.

Should

A modal verb indicating a recommendation or moral obligation.

Must

A stronger modal verb indicating necessity or compulsion.

Prohibition

The restriction or forbidding of an action.

Must not

A firmer prohibition expressed by the speaker.

Cannot/can't

Indicates that something is against the rules or laws.

Conditionals

Expresses a condition and its possible result.

Zero conditional

'Real conditional' that is always true; uses present-simple tense.

First conditional

'Future real' conditional for realistic actions leading to future results.

Second conditional

'Unreal conditional' for unlikely events with unlikely results.

Third conditional

'Past unreal' conditional describing a situation that did not happen and its imaginary result.

Dependent clause

A clause that cannot stand alone and must be connected to another sentence.

Independent clause

A clause that can stand alone as a complete sentence.

Predicate

Describes what the subject is doing or what the subject is.

Communicative styles

Different styles of communication based on formality and context.

Frozen communicative style

Formal and structured communication that is consistent every time it is spoken.

Formal communicative style

Used in formal situations, characterized by polite and professional language.

Consultative communicative style

Involves seeking input from others, typically used in business settings.

Intimate communicative style

Private conversation between close individuals.

Essays

A piece of writing focused on a specific topic to convey thoughts or opinions.

Formal essay

Used in formal settings, such as academic papers.

Informal essay

More personal and conversational form of writing.

Persuasive essay

Aims to convince readers to believe a particular point or idea.

Narrative essay

Tells a story or narrates events.

Descriptive essay

Uses sensory details to create a vivid picture for the reader.

Expository essay

Presents facts and details based on research, with no personal opinions.

Structure of an essay

Consists of an introduction, body, and conclusion.

Purpose of essays

To communicate ideas, inform, persuade, derive meaning, and improve writing skills.

Of Parents and Children

An essay written by Francis Bacon discussing parent-child relationships.

Francis Bacon

The father of English essays, known for writing 58 essays.

Mitigate

To lessen or ease.

Perpetuity

Infinity or something never-ending.

Posterity

Offspring or future generations.

Wanton

Spoiled or undisciplined.

Surfeit

To indulge excessively.

Betimes

Early or before the expected time.

Themes of 'Of Parents and Children'

Examines the relationship and differences of affection between parents and children.

Eldest child

Given respect but also faces pressure.

Middle child

Often forgotten within the family.

Youngest child

Usually spoiled and made undisciplined.

Custom-made

Choosing what is best for individuals to make it agreeable and easy.

Author's purpose

To provide understanding between parents and children.