Exp. 7: Water: Its properties and purification

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ChemLab

45 Terms

1

Water

_______ is one of the most abundant compound on Earth. It is essential in all living organisms and necessary to sustain life. Its chemical components that consists of 2 hyrdogen atoms and an oxygen atom covalently bonded together. Its unique physical properties, it can exists in three state of matter.

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2

high polarity characteristics

Water is known to be a universal solvent due to its ________ characteristics as a molecule.

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3

Hydrate

A compound containing  water molecules

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4

Anhydrous compound

a compound does not contain water molecules.​

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5

Efflorescence

property of a crystal releases water when exposed to atmosphere with low vapor pressure, it becomes anhydrous.​ ex. Gauleber's salt (Na 2SO 4 ● 10 H 2O (s)

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6

No reaction

Gauleber's salt (Na 2SO 4 ● 10 H 2O (s) ) on watch glass for 5 mins. Reaction?

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7

Deliquescence

property of a crystal that absorbs water from the atmosphere with high vapor pressure, it becomes hydrated. ​ex. CaCl2

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8

Dissolved (liquid state)

Anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl2), white powder, on watch glass for 5 mins. Reaction?

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9

Light blue to White

Heated blue vitriol CuSO 4 ● 5 H 2O (s) + heat -> CuSO 4 (s) + 5 H 2O (g) Reaction?

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10

white crystal to light blue

Anhydrous copper (II) sulfate CuSO 4 (s) + 5 H 2O (l) -> CuSO 4 ● 5 H 2O (s)Reaction?

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11

solvent and dilution

Uses of water

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12

solute

_______ is the one that dissolves

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13

solvent

______ is the one that does the dissolving

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14

dilution

resulting for a less concentrated solution​

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15

precipitate

a reaction between two solutions forming a solid substance

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16

No reaction

Mixed barium chloride (BaCl2) (white) and potassium chromate (K2CrO4) (egg yellow) on a dry test tube. Reaction?

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17

dissolves in water

Mixed barium chloride (BaCl2) and potassium chromate (K2CrO4) + water. Reaction?

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18

egg yellow precipitate

Mixed barium chloride (BaCl2) and potassium chromate (K2CrO4) on a dry test tube added with water after 5-10 mins.

BaCl2(aq) + K2CrO4(aq)  BaCrO4(s) --> 2 KCl(aq) Reaction?

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19

blue green solution, brown gas

Copper wire with 1 mL concentrated Nitric acid (HNO3).

4 HNO3(l) +Cu(s) -> Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2 NO2(g) + 2 H2O(l)

Reaction?

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20

blue solution, yellow gas

Copper wire with 1 ml Nitric acid (HNO3) + 2 mL water.

8 HNO3(aq) +3 Cu(s) -> Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2 NO(g) + 4 H2O(l)

Reaction?

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21

Hydrolysis

a chemical process of decomposition involving the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion of water

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22

Yellow, clear liquid

Water + ferric chloride. Reaction?

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23

Brown acidic solution

Water + ferric chloride + heat (5mins). Reaction?

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24

Surface Tension

the tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer by the bulk of the liquid, which tends to minimize surface area.

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25

Diffusion

is the movement of a fluid from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

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26

Turbidity

is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air.

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27

Alum solution

___________ is used as coagulants or flocculants  (forming large particles). It causes them to clump together so that they can settle out of the water or be easily trapped by a filter. ​

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28

red

blue litmus paper turns _____ in an acidic solution

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29

blue

red litmus paper turns _____ in an basic solution

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30

Distillation

is a process of purifying a substance; or a miscible liquid with different boiling temperature; or soluble mixture.

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31

Thermometer

Name that thing (No. 1)

<p>Name that thing (No. 1)</p>
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32

Distilling Flask

Name that thing (No. 2)

<p>Name that thing (No. 2)</p>
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33

Bunsen burner

Name that thing (No. 3)

<p>Name that thing (No. 3)</p>
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34

Condenser

Name that thing (No. 4)

<p>Name that thing (No. 4)</p>
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35

adapter

Name that thing (No. 5)

<p>Name that thing (No. 5)</p>
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36

Erlenmeyer flask

Name that thing (No. 6)

<p>Name that thing (No. 6)</p>
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37

Distillated water

Name that thing (No. 7)

<p>Name that thing (No. 7)</p>
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38

carbonate, bicarbonates, chlorides and sulfates

Hardness in water is due to the present of mineral salts of _______, ______, ________, and __________ of Ca 2+, Mg 2+,Fe +3

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39

Least

Distilled water (standard soap sol, detergent sol, observation)

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40

More

Tap water (standard soap sol, detergent sol, observation)

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41

moderate

Boiled Water (standard soap sol, detergent sol, observation)

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42

Temporary and permanent

Types of Hardness of Water

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43

Temporary hardness

due to the presence of bicarbonate , HCO 3 – 1 & carbonate, CO 3 – 2 of Ca 2+, Mg 2+, Fe +3 like calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and ferric carbonate can be removed by boiling or distillation.

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44

Permanent hardness

due to the presence of chlorides, Cl – 1 and sulfates, SO 4 – 2 of Ca 2+, Mg 2+, Fe +3 and can be removed by cation and anion exchange.

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45

Soft water

treated water, absence of minerals and removal of permanent hardness

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