Fascism, Nazism, Spanish Civil War

Who was Benito Mussolini

he was the leader of the fascist party, also an ally of Nazi Germany

What did Benito Mussolini promote

he established a dictatorship and promoted nationalism, militarism, anti-communism

What were the “equal rights” of fascism

it was very sexist and there were many restrictions on human rights

Nationalism in fascism

your national identity is your identity

What was the slogan of fascism

credere, obbedire, combatere

believe, obey, fight

militarism in fascism

citizens need a warrior mentality

national expansions and imperialism measure national vitality

(we have to prove we are better)

family life in fascism

doesn’t believe in divorce, birth control, abortions, suppressed homosexuality

fascists want more soldiers and each of these things gets in the way of having kids

Who were the black shirts

members of the armed squads of Italian fascists under Benito Mussolini

maintained fascist regime with violence

Weimar constitution

governed Germany during the weimar republic era

inflation during nazism

caused by Weimar government

German marks value continues to lessen

marks become virtually worthless

NSDAP Origins

hitler joined “German’s workers party”

took and changed the name to NSDAP

Beer Hall Putsch

nazis surround the building and hold them hostage, they give up and all are put on trial

hitler used this as a platform to say nothing is getting done

Hitler only serves 1 year in prison where he writes his book

after this they get 32 Reichstag seats

Mein Kampf

book written by Hitler full of his political ideologies

foundational text for Nazi party

Brown shirts

Nazi group

due to Nazi violence, chancellor herrich invokes article 48 and bans SA

Kurt von schliecher wants to run the government so he approaches hitler and says if you follow me i’ll lift the ban on SA

Franz Von pappen appointed chancellor, has to gain nazi support so he lifts the ban

Reichstag fire

nazis accuse communists of arson and attempting to overthrow the state

nazis use this to eliminate all political oppression

Enabling act

gives the chancellor the authority to pass laws by decree for a specified time without Reichstag involvement

this gives Hitler’s government power for 4 years

Anti-semitism

hate for Jewish people

night of long knives

hitler signs off and kills adversaries and leaders of his own military group

he openly admits to this and says its what they need

equivalent to the purge in the Soviet era

Fuhrer

title for leader

Hitler assumes power and title of furhrer

republican policies

clsoe military academy, seperate church and state

Francisco Franco

leader of nationalists party

Nationalist supporters

Catholics, land owners, military leaders

How does 1984 relate to Nazi policies

total state control - the party controls the citizens lives similar to how the Nazi party wanted to control the public and private lives of germans

both use propaganda and censorship to maintain their power - ministry of truth manipulates information and rewrites history nazis controlled public perception and justified its actions

both used “police” to evoke fear and to maintain control

dehumanization - in the book “enemies of the state” are eliminated similar to political opponents and jews

face - big brother and hitler