bioenergetics

macronutrients used for energy

carbs, fats, protein

free carbohydrates

glucose

stored carbohydrates

glycogen

free fats

free fatty acids

stored fats

triglycerides

free proteins

amino acids

stored proteins

protein

breakdown of glucose

glycolysis

breakdown of glycogen

glycogenolysis

where is glycogen found

in muscle and liver

where are triglycerides found

in adipose tissue and muscle

bioenergetics

the metabolic process of converting food into a usable form of energy

3 forms of carbohydrates

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

breakdown of fats

lipolysis

enzymes that catalyze lipolysis

lipases

enzymes

special type of protein that speed chemical reactions

factors that regulate enzyme activity

temperature, pH, substrate and product

substrates

chemicals you start with in chemical reaction

products

chemicals you end up with in chemical reaction

slight increase in body temperature does what to enzyme activity

increases enzyme activity which increases ATP production

when body temperature increases or decreases out of the normal range what happens to enzyme activity

enzyme activity goes down which decreases ATP production

rate limiting enzymes

an enzyme that controls the speed of an entire metabolic pathway

what speeds up RLE

ADP and Ca+

energy carrier molecules

ATP

GTP

NADH

FADH2

how is ATP made

ADP + Pi —→ ATP

anaerobic systems

ATP-PC system and glycolysis

aerobic system

Acetyl-CoA production, Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation

which system does not require oxygen

anaerobic systems

ATP-PC system supports

high intensity short duration exercise

when does the ATP-PC system contribute ATP

after 1 second of activity

where does the ATP-PC system take place

cytosol and mitochondria

the ATP-PC system is the dominant ATP source for what type of activities

all out activities that last 2-20 seconds

ATP-PC equation

Phosphocreatine + ADP ←—→ ATP + Creatine

ATP-PC system is limited by

the amount of phosphocreatine stored in muscle cells

RLE for ATP-PC system

creatine kinase

glycolysis supports

high intensity short-moderate duration exercise

when does glycolysis start contributing ATP

after 5 seconds of activity

glycolysis is the dominant source of ATP for

all out activities that last 20 seconds to 2-3 mins

where does glycolysis take place

sarcoplasm

if one molecule of glucose undergoes glycolysis how many ATP molecules are gained

2 ATP

if one molecule of glucose from glycogen undergo glycolysis how many molecules of ATP are gained

3 ATP

the aerobic system support

rest and long durational duration exercise

when does the aerobic system start contributing ATP

after 45 seconds of activity

when is the aerobic system the dominant source of ATP

all out activities that can be sustained longer than 2-3 mins

the aerobic pathway takes place in

the mitochondria

which takes longer to produce ATP aerobic or anaerobic

aerobic