Chapter 18: Nutrition for diseases of the kidneys

Kidney disease affects the body’s ability to maintain

bone health

If a patient is losing significant amounts of protein in urine, he or she probably has

nephrotic syndrome

One of the nurse’s important roles in care of patients with nephrotic syndrome is

monitoring fluid intake and output

The best way to ensure that patients with nephrotic syndrome are able to use their dietary protein to maintain lean body tissue is to

ensure adequate energy intake

An example of a source of hidden sodium is

mouthwash

If a patient with acute renal failure gains 2 lb in 24 hours, the cause is likely to be

fluid retention

If a patient with third-degree burns covering 40% of the body surface area suddenly exhibits high blood pressure and edema and is not producing urine, he or she has probably developed

acute renal failure

It would be most challenging to design a diet for chronic renal failure for

someone who follows a vegan eating pattern

Protein needs of patients with acute renal failure who do not need dialysis are

lower than those of patients receiving hemodialysis

In order to calculate fluid needs for a patients in the oliguric phase of acute renal failure, it is important to know the patient’s

amount of output

The person who is most likely to develop chronic kidney disease is a(n)

man with type 2 diabetes and hypertension

Before development of end-stage renal disease, the primary focus of nutrition therapy for patients with chronic renal failure is

limiting foods that produce toxic metabolic byproducts

The National Renal Diet

provides flexible meal planning tools for patients with chronic renal failure

Of the following, the meal that would be best to include as part of a renal diet plan is

baked chicken with rice and green beans

A food that is restricted in patients who are receiving hemodialysis and taking phosphate binders is

milk

It is most appropriate to take medications to reduce serum phosphorus levels

with meals

Patients with chronic renal failure often need supplements that contain an active form of vitamin

D

If a patient with chronic renal failure develops anemia, he or she probably needs to be given

erythropoietin

The nurse would be most concerned if a family member visited a patient during hemodialysis treatment and brought the patient

a chocolate milkshake

If a patient with chronic renal failure begins peritoneal dialysis, his or her protein intake should

increase because protein is lost into the dialysate

If a patient wishes to continue working and be active during the day, the best kind of peritoneal dialysis would be

continuous ambulatory.

In comparison with patients treated with hemodialysis, patients treated with peritoneal dialysis have _____ dietary protein needs.

slightly higher

In comparison with patients treated with hemodialysis, patients treated with peritoneal dialysis have

lower energy needs

For bone health, it is very important for patients with chronic renal failure—whether they are receiving hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or no dialysis—to restrict their intake of

phosphorus

The most significant challenge for patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure who are treated with peritoneal dialysis is that

glucose is absorbed from the dialysate

Two weeks after a patient has undergone renal transplantation, his or her energy needs

are higher than normal

In a patient who is receiving steroids after renal transplantation, it is important to monitor _____ levels.

blood glucose

A patient who has calcium oxalate kidney stones should

limit foods with high levels of oxalate

The most important advice for preventing kidney stones is to

drink at least 10 to 12 cups of fluid daily

An example of a food that may increase urinary oxalate levels is

spinach casserole