Fine Arts in Western Culture Final

Who was the Italian Master who would have warned artists in the naturalism or realism style that one who copies the external forms of nature acts only as a mirror.

Leonardo DeVinci

He believed that the true artist should attempt to capture the

inner life....the energy and power of a subject

What is when the artist transforms recognizable natural subjects into stylized patterns

Abstraction

Nonrepresentational art does not have

Subject Matter

Nonrepresentational art does have meaning generated when the artists

artist's intention and

the viewers interpretation interact

Why do we need art? We speculate on the

Nature of things

We speculate on the nature of things and the implied

Meaning of life

The study of art in its historical and cultural context is called

Contextualism

Human beings made what long before they made what today we call art

Tools

Paleolithic Sculptures depicted what more frequently than other subjects.

women

The oldest securely dated European cave paintings are located where?

Southern France

Some prehistoric wall paintings were made by

blowing Charcoal.

Prehistoric wall paintings are made by blowing charcoal mixed with saliva or water on the wall and using

one hand as a stencil

In these societies we for the first time see a world view in which greater prominence is given to ....

Human Beings

This new focus mirrors a new political system in which what replaces one man divine rule

Democracy

The new society required a new art...one centered in the material world but reflecting the philosophers search fo the human vales of ..

truth, virtue and harmony.

The three Greek architectural orders are

Doric

Ionic

Corinthian

The Classical Greek architecture orders are comprised of a system of interdependent parts whose proportions are based on

Mathmatical Ratios

The canon of Polykleitos is a set of rules for constructing the ideal

Human Figure

Greek art and thought might be accepted, rejected or modified but it could not be

Ignored

Artists of the Hellenistic period sought to represent

the Individual and the specific

The greek theater was a vehicle for the communal expression of religious beliefs shared through

music, poetry, and dance.

Plays performed were primarily

tragedy

Greek artists did more than represent what they saw. They tempered their dipictions of the natural world to conform to

a series of changing ideals of artistic perfection

Etruscan, Italian, artists excelled at making monumental sculpture not out of stone but with

Terra Cotta

Ultraviolet rays showed that some Roman sculpture

was Painted.

What became popular as decoration for Roman floors and fountains

Mosaics...

In what perspective do the architechtural details follow diagonal lines.

Intutitive or linear

In what perspective do the colors become slightly grayer in the far background

Atmospheric

The Flavian Amphitheatre became known as the Colosseum because of the Colossus and over life sized state of who?

Nero

A dome works as an

Arch

In Pantheon the usual keystone is replaced by a circular opening called an

Oculus

One of the greatest achievements of the Roman Culture was

The development of Concrete

Two of the major directions of Christian Art are

The Narrative and the Iconic

Jewish law forbade

the creating or Veneration of graven images

The painted walls and ceilings of the what provide some of the earliest examples of Christian art.

Catacombs

Images of Christ, Mary, and the saints on the wallls of church or panels are called

Icons

What did the Greeks base their formulas for creating the ideal figure on

Nature

Byzantine artists invented an ideal

Geometry

Political power in Western Europe passed to the

Bishops

What term is now applied to all the arts produced from the mid 11th century through the 12th

Romanesque

The most precious and admired arts of the Middle ages are called

The decorative Arts

The most important functions of Christian art were to

Glorify God and to Teach

Medieval Western Europe competed in the building of cathedrals and churches with ever

Taller Naves

Taller Towers

Light passing through what created luminous pictures and changed the interior into a many colored haze.

Stain Glass Windows

New Architecture know as Gothic emerged

in the French King's domain around Paris

What made architects make buildings taller, lighter and windows bigger.

to enhance the desired effects of Light and color

Fifteenth century artists sought to observe and represent

the variety of textures shapes and space they experienced in thier world

Fifteenth Century artists were guided by a new empasis on

Humanist Thinking

The earliest known life size freestanding bronze nude of the biblical hero David was sculpted by

Donatello

Michelanelo said Ghiberti's doors were

Worthy of being the gates of paradise

Linear Perspective

appears to receded into the distance

Imaginary lines that meet at a singular vanishing point

Orthogonals

Patrons wanted themselves and their possessions to be

Depicted as they actually looked.

Renaissance Humanism gave way to

an Intensified spirit of inquery

Where is Leonardo Da Vinci's Last Supper painted at

the wall of a Monastery

In the Last supper how are the disciples reacting

With shock, disbelief, and horror because Jesus has just told them that one of them will betray him

Mona Lisa's smoky haze is because the painting has

a coat of varnish on it.

Raphael's Fresco.. School of Athens... included which artist in the painting

Michael Angelo

Michelangelo famous Pieta was installed as a

Tomb Monument at the Vatican

Who snuck in at Night to carve his name prominately on the piece of his scupture

Michealangelo

Where did he carve his name

On Mary's strap

When did Michaelangelo paint the end wall behind the altar

Twenty five yars after he had completed the ceiling

What does the painting depict

The Last Judgement

The origianl church of St Peter was built by whom

Constantine

Whose grave does it mark

Peter

Who was the first bishop of Rome and therefore the first Pope

Peter

In the 15th Century, what city emerged as a major artistic center

Venice

Giorgione was important why

Paintings that showed an appreciation for nature in landscatpe painting

Andrea Palladio designed what

Villas which are working farms

What was Andrea Palladeo most daring innovation

The secular Dome

Baroque comes form the jewelers word for

an irregularly shaped Pearl which is both beautiful and strange

Rococo a baroque style was characterized by

a fanciful architectural decoration and a pastel palette

Who was the most important painter working in the Netherlands in teh 17th Century

Rembrandt

The multistep etching process made popular by Rembrandt was accomplished by

scratching lines on a resin covered metal plate and then immersing the plate in acid.

The Rococo Style is characterized by

Pastel colors, delicately curving forms, dainty figures and lightheartednes.

Neoclassicism is characterized by

Stylistic sources in ancient Greek or Roman art

Romantic Painted or sculpture were often based on literarty fantasies set where.

In remote times or exotic places

Who fueled the market for paintings showing moralized satire or scenes drawn from history or literature?

English Middle Class

These Piaintings Reflected an interest in

Promoting public virtue and Social Progress a love of natural beauty and a faith in Reason and Science

Thomas Jeffersons Monticello has a what that masks the second floor

Balustrade

What style encompasses not only a style but and attitude

Romanticism

Romanticism concerns itself chiefly with

Imagination and Emotions