Unit 8: Society

acquaintance (n)
Example: I met an old acquaintance at the conference.

(người quen) – A friend you do not know well.
Synonyms: associate, contact
Antonyms: stranger

adolescent (n)
Example: Adolescents often face emotional and physical changes.

(tuổi trưởng thành) – A person between the ages of thirteen and nineteen.
Synonyms: teenager, youth
Antonyms: adult, child

apparently (adv)
Example: Apparently, she didn’t understand the instructions.

(rõ ràng) – According to what you have heard or read; according to the way something appears

Synonyms: seemingly, evidently
Antonyms: definitely, clearly

carry out (v)
Example: The researchers carried out an experiment.

(tiến hành) – To do, perform.
Synonyms: perform, execute
Antonyms: neglect, ignore

community (n)
Example: The local community gathered to celebrate the festival.

(cộng đồng) – A social group.
Synonyms: society, population
Antonyms: individual, isolation

consequence (n)
Example: The consequence of his actions was a suspension.

(hậu quả) – A result of something that has happened, especially an unpleasant result
Synonyms: outcome, result
Antonyms: cause, origin

contact (n)
Example: We lost contact after she moved abroad.

(mối liên hệ) – Communication, connection.
Synonyms: connection, link
Antonyms: disconnection

eradicate (v)
Example: The disease was eradicated through vaccination.

(xóa bỏ) – ​To destroy or get rid of something completely, especially something bad
Synonyms: eliminate, remove
Antonyms: preserve, retain

exchange (v)
Example: They exchanged gifts during the holiday.

(trao đổi) – An act of giving something to somebody or doing something for somebody and receiving something in return

Synonyms: trade, swap
Antonyms: keep, retain

explode (v)
Example: The population exploded in the last decade.

(bùng nổ) – To grow suddenly and rapidly.
Synonyms: erupt, increase
Antonyms: decrease, shrink

immense (adj)
Example: There is still an immense amount of work to be done.

(bao la) – Extremely large or great

Synonyms: enormous

impose (v)
Example: The government imposed a new tax.

(bắt buộc, áp đặt) – To introduce a new law, rule, tax, etc.; to order that a rule, punishment, etc. be used
Synonyms: enforce, dictate
Antonyms: lift, remove

interact (v)
Example: Children learn by interacting with their environment.

(tương tác) – To communicate with somebody, especially while you work, play or spend time with them
Synonyms: communicate, connect
Antonyms: isolate, ignore

post (v)
Example: She posted the announcement online.

(đăng) – To display information in a public place.
Synonyms: publish, upload
Antonyms: hide, conceal

pursue (v)
Example: He pursued a career in medicine.

(theo đuổi) – To do something or try to achieve something over a period of time

statistics (n)
Example: The statistics show a rise in unemployment.

(số liệu thống kê) – Information in the form of numbers

susceptible (adj)
Example: Children are more susceptible to illness.

(dễ bị tổn thương) – Easily affected.
Synonyms: vulnerable, sensitive
Antonyms: resistant, immune

trend (n)
Example: There is a new trend in fashion every season.

(xu hướng) – Movement in a certain direction, popular fashion.
Synonyms: tendency, craze
Antonyms: tradition, stability

undergo (v)
Example: She underwent surgery last year.

(chịu đựng) – To experience, suffer.
Synonyms: endure, experience
Antonyms: avoid, escape

unfold (v)
Example: The story unfolded in a dramatic way.

(mở ra) – To be gradually made known; to gradually make something known to other people

absence (n)
Example: His absence was noted in the meeting.

(vắng) – Not being present, time away.
Synonyms: nonattendance, lack
Antonyms: presence

academic (adj)
Example: She has excellent academic performance.

(học thuật) – Related to school, especially university.
Synonyms: educational, scholarly
Antonyms: nonacademic, practical

approximately (adv)
Example: The journey took approximately three hours.

(xấp xỉ) – Close but not exactly.
Synonyms: about, nearly
Antonyms: exactly, precisely

bear (v)
Example: He bore the responsibility for the mistake.

(mang vác, chịu trách nhiệm) – To carry, have responsibility for.
Synonyms: endure, carry
Antonyms: avoid, evade

commensurate (adj)
Example: Salary should be commensurate with experience.

(tương xứng) – matching something in size, importance, quality, etc.
Synonyms: proportional, equivalent
Antonyms: disproportionate, unequal

devote (v)
Example: She devoted her life to helping others.

(cống hiến) – To give, commit.
Synonyms: dedicate, commit
Antonyms: neglect, withhold

dire (adj)
Example: They were in dire need of assistance.

(kinh khủng, rất tệ) – Very serious or extreme

discrepancy (n)
Example: There was a discrepancy between the two reports.

(khác biệt giữa những điều lẽ ra tương đồng) – Difference between two things that should be the same.
Synonyms: inconsistency, disparity
Antonyms: agreement, congruity

equality (n)
Example: The law guarantees equality for all citizens.

(bình đẳng) – Being the same, having the same rights and opportunities.
Synonyms: fairness, parity
Antonyms: inequality, discrimination

frustration (n)
Example: He felt a deep sense of frustration after the exam.

(sự thất vọng) – Lack of satisfaction, inability to reach goals.
Synonyms: disappointment, exasperation
Antonyms: satisfaction, contentment

funding (n)
Example: The project received government funding.

(hỗ trợ về tài chính) – Financial support.
Synonyms: financing, sponsorship
Antonyms: defunding, withdrawal

guidance (n)
Example: I appreciated her guidance throughout the process.

(sự hướng dẫn) – Advice, assistance.
Synonyms: advice, direction
Antonyms: misdirection, neglect

inordinate (adj)
Example: He spent an inordinate amount of time on the task.

(thất thường) – More than is reasonable.
Synonyms: excessive, undue
Antonyms: reasonable, moderate

invaluable (adj)
Example: The research should prove invaluable in the study of children's language.

(rất giá trị, hữu ích) – Extremely useful

Antonyms: valueless or worthless

mentor (n)
Example: He has been my mentor since I started my career.

(người cố vấn) – A person who gives help and advice.
Synonyms: advisor, coach
Antonyms: mentee, protégé

persist (v)
Example: She persisted despite the many obstacles.

(kiên trì) – To continue to do something despite difficulties or opposition, in a way that can seem unreasonable
Synonyms: endure, persevere
Antonyms: quit, cease

pressure (n)
Example: Students often feel pressure to perform well.

(áp lực) – Difficulties and worries that are caused by the need to achieve or to behave in a particular way

progress (v)
Example: The team is progressing rapidly on the project.

(phát triển, tiến triển) – To move forward.
Synonyms: advance, improve
Antonyms: regress, decline

struggle (v)
Example: The firm is struggling to cope with the demand for its products.

(đấu tranh) – To try very hard to do something when it is difficult or when there are a lot of problems.

Synonyms: combat, wrestle
Antonyms: yield, surrender

validate (v)
Example: We need to validate these results before publishing.

(xác nhận, phê chuẩn) – To confirm, make a person feel valued.
Synonyms: confirm, endorse
Antonyms: invalidate, reject

abound (v)
Example: Opportunities abound for those who seek them.

(có nhiều) – To exist in great numbers or quantities
Synonyms: flourish, teem
Antonyms: dwindle, lack

account for (v)
Example: That factor accounts for most of the variation.

(chịu trách nhiệm, là do) – To be responsible for, be the cause of.
Synonyms: explain, justify
Antonyms: obscure, confound

capable (adj)
Example: She is capable of great achievements.

(có khả năng) – Able to do something.
Synonyms: competent, able
Antonyms: incapable, inept

compact (adj)
Example: The car’s interior is surprisingly compact.

(nhỏ gọn) – Smaller than is usual for things of the same kind
Synonyms: concise, small
Antonyms: spacious, large

corridor (n)
Example: The students walked down the corridor to their classroom.

(hành lang) – Hallway.
Synonyms: passage, hallway
Antonyms: (no direct antonym)

curb (n)
Example: She sat on the curb waiting for the bus.

(lề đường) – The raised edge of the street.
Synonyms: edge, kerb
Antonyms: (no direct antonym)

disability (n)
Example: The school provides support for students with disabilities.

(sự khuyết tật, khó khăn về thể chất trong vấn đề sinh hoạt) – A condition that makes it difficult to do things other people do.
Synonyms: impairment, handicap
Antonyms: ability, capability

exterior (n)
Example: The exterior of the building was recently painted.

(phần bên ngoài) – The outside of something.
Synonyms: outside, façade
Antonyms: interior, inside

incapacitated (adj)
Example: He was incapacitated by the injury.

(làm mất hết khả năng) – Unable to do things normally.
Synonyms: disabled, immobilized
Antonyms: capable, able

interior (n)
Example: The car’s interior is very luxurious.

(trong) – The inside of something.
Synonyms: inside, inner
Antonyms: exterior, outside

necessitate (v)
Example: This problem necessitates immediate action.

(cần phải, đòi hỏi, phải có) – To make necessary.
Synonyms: require, demand
Antonyms: preclude, prevent

poverty (n)
Example: He grew up in extreme poverty.

(nghèo khó) – The condition of being poor.
Synonyms: destitution, indigence
Antonyms: wealth, affluence

ramp (n)
Example: They built a ramp for wheelchair access.

(mặt phẳng nghiêng) – A smooth surface that allows access between levels.
Synonyms: incline, slope
Antonyms: flat surface

recreation (n)
Example: Fishing is his favorite form of recreation.

(hoạt động giải trí) – Leisure activities.
Synonyms: pastime, leisure
Antonyms: work, labor

slippery (adj)
Example: Be careful—the floor is slippery.

(trơn, trượt) – Causing things to slide or slip

slope (n)
Example: The ski slope was covered in fresh snow.

(con dốc) – A surface at an angle, with the top higher than the bottom.
Synonyms: incline, gradient
Antonyms: level, flat

switch (n)
Example: Please flip the light switch on your way out.

(công tắc) – A button used to turn on lights or machines.
Synonyms: lever, button
Antonyms: (no direct antonym)

terrain (n)
Example: The rocky terrain made the hike difficult.

(địa hình) – The surface of land.
Synonyms: landscape, ground
Antonyms: (no direct antonym)

unwieldy (adj)
Example: The package was large and unwieldy.

(khó sử dụng) – (of an object) difficult to move or control because of its size, shape or weight
Synonyms: cumbersome, bulky
Antonyms: manageable, handy

update (v)
Example: Please update your software regularly.

(cập nhật) – To modernize, improve.
Synonyms: refresh, upgrade
Antonyms: revert, downgrade

vibrant (adj)

Example: The market is known for its vibrant colors and lively atmosphere.

(sôi động) – full of energy and enthusiasm.

Synonyms: lively, dynamic

Antonyms: dull, lifeless

diverse (adj)

Example: The conference attracted a diverse group of participants.

(đa dạng) – showing a great deal of variety.

Synonyms: varied, assorted

Antonyms: uniform, homogeneous

recreational (adj)

Example: The park offers many recreational activities for families.

(giải trí) – relating to leisure activities.

Synonyms: leisure, amusement

Antonyms: work-related, serious

valuable (adj)

Example: His advice proved to be extremely valuable.

(có giá trị) – worth a great deal of money or importance.

Synonyms: precious, worthwhile

Antonyms: worthless, trivial

significant (adj)

Example: There was a significant increase in sales last quarter.

(quan trọng) – sufficiently great or noteworthy.

Synonyms: meaningful, substantial

Antonyms: insignificant, trivial

seize (v)

Example: The team decided to seize the opportunity and expand abroad.

(nắm bắt) – take hold of suddenly and forcibly.

Synonyms: grab, capture

Antonyms: release, relinquish

initiatives (n)

Example: The city launched several green initiatives this year.

(sáng kiến) – new plans or strategies aimed at solving a problem.

Synonyms: schemes, plans

Antonyms: inactivity, stagnation

casually (adv)

Example: He spoke casually about his achievements, showing his humility.

(một cách thoải mái) – in an informal or relaxed way.

Synonyms: informally, nonchalantly

Antonyms: formally, seriously