Mental Health Practice in America Flashcards

Flashcards of terms and definitions from the lecture notes on the History of Mental Health Practice in America.

Benjamin Rush

Influenced by the moral treatment (Pinel and Tuke treating people who were diagnosed with a mental illness with dignity) and Modeled the Pennsylvania Hospital after William Tuke's York Retreat

William Tuke’s York Retreat

Housed people with mental illness; they worked off and harvested the land; energy was focused and structured which redirected hallucinations and depression to something more positive. Instrumental to changing the view that mental illness was not due to possession but was due to predisposing psychological factors

Clifford Whittingham Beers

Spearheaded the Mental Hygiene Movement and was the Founding member of the National Committee for Mental Hygiene, later renamed to the National Mental Health Association.

The Rehabilitation Act of 1920

Addressed the needs of individuals with physical disabilities and in 1943, the Barden La Follette Amendment (PL 113) broadened the Rehab Act to include mental illness

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

Established in 1949

The Community Mental Health Services Act of 1954

A New York State law stated that any county or city with 50,000 or more residents could create a local mental health board with a psychiatrist director

The National Mental Health Act of 1955

Addressed mental illness at the national level and supported the study of mental illness, the development of treatment methods, and the evaluation and training of personnel

The Community Mental Health Act of 1963

Intent was to reshape policy create more direct links with local communities to effectively and autonomously address their unique community mental health needs and was the beginning of a poorly executed deinstitutionalization movement

Deinstitutionalization

Hospitals and institutions opened the doors to individuals w/ mental illness to go back to the community; however, many people in these institutions were there for 20+ yrs and did not possess the skills to be successful in the community leading to an increase in the homeless population

The Mental Health Parity Act of 2007 and Paul Wellstone Mental Health and Addiction Equity Act of 2007

Mental health coverage is not mandated, when mental health coverage is included, the coverage should be on par with physical illnesses.

Supported Housing

Independent housing coupled w/ the provision of community-based mental health services to facilitate community integration for persons with mental illness

Occupational Profile

Occupational history, Perceptions of the need for change, Preferences for the direction of that change as it relates to his/her housing situation, Individual’s strengths and weakness, Environmental resources and barriers of this environment, and Task demands and social demands that are placed on this person when living on a supported housing environment

OPHI-2 (Occupational Profile History Interview- 2)

Based on MOHO and looks at the person and environment and how that person interacts within that environment (looks at the behaviors). Person’s routines and performance patterns that are important to be successful in the community, Self-efficacy.

Allen Cognitive Level Screen (ACLS)

Assessment of cognition and how it impacts performance

Routine Task Inventory-Expanded (RTI-E)

Observational guide—performance of ADLs and IADLs

Consumer Operated Services (COS)

Important community-based resources that can address secondary effects of mental illness through socialization and participation in meaningful activities. Also known as peer operated, peer delivered, or consumer delivered services and are Funded through state legislatures and private foundations

3 types of Consumer Operated Services

Drop-in Centers, Peer-supported programs, and Education programs

5 Core Principles of COS:

Consumers develop, control, and provide services, participation is completely voluntary, emphasis is on strengths and competencies, a goal is mutuality among members instead of hierarchy of helper and person helped, and "helper-therapy principle”

After School Programs

Can promote academic, social, and recreational development by providing children and teens the opportunity to participates in structures and/or targeted activities (usually for children ages 5-18; usually provided after school hours).

Mental Health Practice in Forensic Settings

OTs work with individual w/mental disorders who have committed a crime and are consigned by law into custody at a correctional setting. OTs can work on ADLs and IADLs for community re-entry

State Hospitals

Institutions which provide services for individuals w/ severe mental illness. Focus on ADLs, IADLs, emotional regulation, developing or enhancing vocational skills for work.

Psychosocial Clubhouses

international community of people who share the lived experience of mental illness and recovery. Clients are offered respect and opportunities to engage in occupations which are meaningful to the client

Sanism

A form of oppression that people with mental health issues experience everyday. Belief system where it’s okay to discriminate, reject, silence, have low expectations, poke on and make fun or be violent towards people with mental illness. Root cause of stigma

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V)

publication of the American Psychiatric Association. standard classification system of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the U.S. Contains a listing of Diagnostic Criteria for every psychiatric disorder recognized by the U.S. healthcare system. Provides common language for clinicians to use when communicating about their patients

World Health Organizations (WHO) Definition of Health

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease of infirmity.

World Health Organizations (WHO) Definition of Mental Health

Mental health is a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productivity, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community

Evidence Based Practice (EBP)

Because of a lack of financial resources for MH services, it is important that we use good evidencebased practice in MH.

Stigma

An attribute that is deeply discrediting. Perception that the person or the family is responsible for the mental illness (not adequate or competent) and must behave a certain way

The Social Environment

Interactions with others that Supports or creates impediments to occupational performance as OT’s look at these barriers and see how they can be reduced in order to allow the person more accessibility to their social environment

Labeling Theory

certain groups have sanctioned power to define or label what is and is not socially deviant. such individuals are government officials, medical professionals, law enforcement. Realization of stigma, Development of coping skills and Learning to “pass” or cover their disability effectively to function in society

Normalization Theory

a label forces an individual into a deviant role, and subsequent behavior in response to others is determined by the expectations surrounding the label

Minority Group Perspective

Sees disablement as a consequence of oppression, demoralization and marginalization of those individuals who deviate from the norm

Rite of Passage Theory

life is a series of transitions or rites of passage, each composed of three phases. Separation from the social structure, Transition or the liminal stage, and Incorporation phase