APUSH Fall Semester Exam

Farmer and entrepreneurs interested in the Brown Gold of beaver and otter fur.

What type of people poured into the western regions of OH, IN, IL, MI, and MO?

Native Americans

Economic expansion into the western territories posed a threat to what group of
people?

1. The booming southern economy after the War of 1812

2. Cotton calling for large Ganges of unskilled laborers

The demand for slavery skyrocketing was caused by:

1. Increase control over the North American continent

2. Improve the U.S. position in world affairs

When elected as POTUS in 1816, what were James Monroe’s objectives?

1. Settled northern border issues with Britain and acquired Florida and Oregon from Spain.

What did James Monroe do to secure control over North America?

Adams-Onis Treaty

Treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that ceded FL to the U.S. , ended any Spanish claims in Oregon , and recognized Spanish rights in the SW.

Monroe Doctrine

President Monroe’s 1823 statement declaring the Americas closed to further European colonization and discouraging European interference in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere

Panic of 1819

A financial panic that began when the 2nd U.S. Bank tightened credit and recalled government loans. Six years of economic depression followed.

economic independence

The War of 1812 was really a war for?

A wedge to be driven between the nation’s geographical sections-regions very divided over politics

The Panic of 1819 caused what?

Tallmadge Amendment

An amendment to a statehood bill for MO proposed by James Tallmadge that would have banned slavery in the new states. It created a deadlock in Congress that lead to the MO Compromise.

Missouri Compromise

Law proposed by Henry Clay in 1820 admitting MO to the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state and banning slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of latitude 36’30’’

John Quincy Adams

Who won the election of 1824?

James Monroe

Who won the election of 1820?

Martin Van Buren

NY politician known for his skillful handling of party politics; founded the Democratic Party and became the 8th President

Democratic Party

Political Party that brought Andrew Jackson into office; it recalled Jeffersonian principles of limited government and drew its supporters from farmers, craftsmen, and small businesses.

Andrew Jackson

Who won the election of 1828?

Retrenchment

Andrew Jackson believed in ________ which was the elimination of unnecessary jobs or functions for reform or cost-cutting purposes.

Kitchen Cabinet

Andrew Jackson’s informal advisors who helped him shape both national and Democratic Party policy

1. Banking and financial systems

2. Internal improvements and public land policy

3. Indian affairs

4. The collection of revenue and enforcement of federal law

Andrew Jackson tried to implement reform in four broad areas:

Bank War

The political conflict that occurred when Andrew Jackson tried to destroy the 2nd Bank of the U.S., which he thought represented special interests at the expense of the common man.

Indian Removal Act

Law passed by Congress in 1830 providing for the removal of all Indian tribes east of the MS and the purchase of western lands for their resettlement.

Cherokee

In the early 1820’s the _______ tribe created a formal government with a legislative court system, and drafted a Constitution.

Trail of Tears

Forced march of the Cherokee people from GA to Indian Territory in the winter of 1838, during which thousands of Cherokee died.

Jospeh Smith Jr.

Founder of the Mormons, led his congregation westward from NY to IL

Brigham Young

Mormon leader who took over in 1844 after Joseph Smith’s death and guided the Mormons from IL to Utah

Oregon Trail

Overland route form Saint Louis to the Pacific Northwest followed by thousands of settlers in the 1840s

The Twelfth Amendment

Constitutional amendment, ratified in 1804, that provides for separate balloting in the electoral college for the President and Vice President.

The deadlocked election of 1804 between Thomas Jefferson and Charles Pinckney

The 12th amendment was created in response to what?

1. High population density and the social evils it generated

2. The concentration of money and power in the hands of a few

What did Thomas Jefferson believe the greatest threats to America were?

Agriculture instead of manufacturing

What did Thomas Jefferson want the American economy to be based on?

Albert Gallatin

Treasury secretary in Jefferson’s administration, favored limited government and reduced the federal debt by cutting spending.

Louisiana Purchase

Territory that stretched from MS river to the Rocky Mountains, bought from France in 1803

1. Removed France from NA

2. Secured the MS River for commerce

3. Doubled the size of the U.S.

What were the three benefits of the Louisiana Purchase?

To find a northwest passage

What was the purpose of Lewis and Clark’s expeditions?

Henry Clay

Creator of the Missouri Compromise

White Collar Workers

Were young and flocked to newly emerging cities in pursuit of formal education. Clerks, bookkeepers, and managers.

Voluntary Associations

An organization through which individuals engage in voluntary service, usually charity or reform.

Genteel Class

Upper Class

Cult of Domesticity

The belief that women’s proper role lies in domestic pursuits

1820,1821

When did Missouri apply for statehood and when was it admitted?

True

True/False: Neither side liked the Missouri Compromise

A peaceful treaty (annexation) in 1845

How was the Texas territory acquired?

Treaty with Britain in 1846

How was the Oregon territory acquired?

Mexican War (1848)

How were the states of CA, NV, UT, AZ, and CO acquired?

1846-1848

When did the Mormons move from Illinois to Utah?

Manifest Destiny

Belief that God had ordained the U.S. special to rule over NA

The Nueces River and the Rio Grande

In between what two rivers did a skirmish occur that started the Mexican War?

President James Polk

__________ believed that the Rio Grande is the U.S border and so the Mexicans were on our land.

Abraham Lincoln

______ Believed that the Nueces River was the American border and the war was the United State’s fault

Marbury v. Madison

Supreme Court decision (1803) declaring part of the Judiciary of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional thereby establishing an important precedent in favor of the judicial review.

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

Supreme Court Case (1831) concerning Georgia’s annulment of all Cherokee laws; the Supreme Court ruled that Indian tribes did not have the right to appeal to the federal court system.

Worcester v. Georgia

Supreme Court Case (1832) concerning the arrest of two missionaries who were working with the Cherokees in Georgia; the Court found that Georgia had no right to rule in Cherokee territory

Romanticism

Artistic and intellectual movement characterized by interest in nature, emphasis on emotions and imagination over rationality and rebellion against social conventions.

Transcendentalism

A philosophical and literary movement asserting that God exists within human beings and in nature, and that intuition is the highest source of knowledge.

Trade Union

A labor organization whose members work in a specific trade or craft.

National Trades’ Unions

The first national association of trade unions in the U.S., formed in 1834

Nat Turner

Led an armed slave revolt in 1831 of 70 slaves in Southhampton, VA

Free Soil Party

Successor to the Liberty Party, adopted the slogan “Free Soil, Free Speech, free labor, and free men.

3,000,000

How many people fought in the Civil War?

The Liberator

In 1831, William Lloyd Garrison began publishing a militant anti-slavery newsletter called _________

Along the U.S./ Canadian border

The heaviest action during the first two years of the War of 1812 were where?

False

T/F The northernmost state for cotton production in 1860 was Missouri

Andrew Jackson

This president directly challenged the rulings of the Supreme Court in the cases of Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v. Georgia

An important precedent in favor of judicial review

The case of Marbury v. Madison was Chief Justice John Marshall’s first major case and established what?

Liberty Party

First anti-slavery political party, believed that slavery would die on its own if it could be confined geographically.

Zachary Taylor

American general whose defeat of Santa Anna at Buena Vista in 1847 made him a national hero and the Whig choice for president in 1848.

John C. Fremont

Explorer, Soldier, and politician who explored and mapped out much of the American west and Northwest.

Wilmot Proviso

An 1846 measure that would have closed any territory acquired from Mexico to slavery. It did not pass.

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Treaty in 1848 in which Mexico gave up Texas above the Rio Grande and ceded New Mexico and California to the U.S. in return for 15 million $

Free Soil Party

Successor to the Liberty Party, launched in Buffalo, NY in 1848

Know-Nothings

Members of anti-catholic, anti-immigrant organizations who eventually formed themselves into a national political party.

Compromise of 1850

Plan intended to reconcile North and South on the issue of slavery; it recognized the principle of popular sovereignty and included a strong fugitive slave law.

A. California enters the Union as a free state

B. Texas boundaries set to current limit

C. NM and UT organized on popular sovereignty

D. Slave Trade abolished in Washington DC

E. Fugitive Slave Law strengthened

What were the five parts of the Compromise of 1850?

The strengthening of the Fugitive Slave Act

What was the biggest problem of the Compromise of 1850?

True

T/F During the 1850’s industrial growth accelerated, further altering the nation’s economic structure.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

American Novelist and abolitionist whose novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin fanned anti slavery sentiments in the North

Choosing a route for a transcontinental railroad

What was the keystone in Franklin Pierce’s agenda after being elected POTUS in 1852?

Sojourner Truth

Abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery in 1827 and became a leading preacher against slavery and for the rights of women.

Gadsden Purchase

A strip of land in present day Arizona and New Mexico that the U.S. bought from Mexico in 1853 to secure a southern route for a transcontinental railroad.

Jefferson Davis

Secretary of war under Franklin Pierce, later became the president of the Confederacy.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

An 1854 law creating the Kansas and Nebraska territories and allowing residents to decide whether to allow slavery within their borders.

That popular sovereignty would lead to slavery in Kansas and free labor in Nebraska.

What assumption did the Kansas-Nebraska Act rest upon?

Charles Sumner

Cofounder of the Republican Party and a strong advocate for abolition and racial equality; he was brutally beaten by a southern congressman in 1856 after delivering a speech attacking the South

Free Soil, Garrisonians, and evangelicals

After the passage of the K-S Act, anti slavery forced divided into what three groups?

Ostend Manifesto

Declaration by American foreign minsters in 1854 that if Spain refused to sell Cuba, the United States might be justified in taking it by force.

Scott is still a slave and the K-S Act, MO Comp, and Comp of 1850 are unconstitutional because there can be no limits on the expansion of slavery.

What were the outcomes of the Dred-Scott case?

The verdict in the Dred-Scott case

What caused Abraham Lincoln to come back into politics?

1858 Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Debate on the issue of slavery in the territories, puts Lincoln on the national landscape.

Democrats-divided on the issue of slavery

Republicans- nominate Abraham Lincoln and pledge to halt slavery

In the election of 1860 what were the views of the Democrats and Republicans on slavery?

South Carolina

____ was the first state to secede from the Union because they saw Lincoln’s election as a sign of radicalization

27

34 States were in the Union when Lincoln was elected, only ____ remained when he was inaugarated.

John Brown

Abolitionist who fought pro slavery settlers in Kansas in 1855, he was hung for treason after seizing the U.S. arsenal at Harpers Ferry in 1859 in an effort to liberate slaves.

Republican Party

Political Party that formed in 1854 that opposed the extension of slavery into the western territories.

Freeport Doctrine

Stephen Douglas’s belief stated at Freeport, IL, that a territory could exclude slavery by writing local laws or regulations that made slavery impossible to enforce.

Constitutional Union Party

Political Party that organized on the eve of the Civil War with no platform other than preservation of the Constitution, the Union, and the Law.

Abolish slavery entirely

After Lincoln was elected, southerners thought he would do what?

John C Crittenden

Kentucky senator who made an unsuccessful attempt to prevent the Civil War by proposing a series of unconstitutional amendments protecting slavery south of the MO Compromise Line

MS, FL, AL, GA, and LA

After South Carolina seceded, five other states voted to secede in January 1861. What were they?

Confederate States of America

On February 4, 1861, delegates from the seceded states met and formed the ____________.