Allied Health Human Body Test

Integumentary System

1. protection

2. temperature regulation

3. sensation

4. vitamin d

ski, hair, nails

Skeletal System

1. structural support

2. protect vital organs

3. mineral storage

(bones, joints, ligaments)

Muscular System

1. movement

2. heat production

3. posture

4. (Skeletal Muscles, tendons)

Nervous System

1. fast communication and control

2. sensory processing

3. controls body functions

4. brain, spinal cord, nerves

Endocrine System

1. Growth

2. Metabolism

3. Reproduction

Cardiovascular System

1. Pump blood to tissues

2. Provide oxygen, nutrients

3. Transport carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells

4. Heart, blood vessels, blood

Lymphatic System

1. Brings fluid from tissues to blood

2. Removes waste from tissues

3. Reduces tissue swelling

4. lymph vessels/nodes/tissues

Respiratory System

1. Brings oxygen into the bloodstream

2. Oxygen in, Co2 out

3. Lungs, Diaphragm, Larynx

Digestive Systems

1. Breaks down food

2. absorbs nutrients

3. eliminates indigestible waste

Urinary System

1. Manages PH

2. Gets rid of wastes

3. Regulates water levels

4. Bladder, Ureters, Kidney, Urethra

Reproductive System

1. Produce offspring

2. Testes, ovaries, uterus, vagina, penis

Metabolism

All reactions that occur in the body

Catabolism

Breaking down into simpler compounds

(breaking down food into simpler compounds)

Anabolism

Building complex compounds from simpler ones

(growth, tissue repair)

Homeostasis

Steady internal conditions of an organism

Extracellular fluid

All fluids from outside the cell

(Blood)

Intracellular Fluid

Fluid within cells

Feedback

Main method for maintaining homeostasis by basing response on information from different sources

Negative feedback

Reverses the current trend, most common type of feedback, keeps things within a certain range

(Temperature, Blood sugar lvl)

Positive Feedback

Given action promotes more if the same

• Rare

• Activity continues until stimulis is removed or outside force interrupts activity

• (Ex: childbirth, contractions)

Homeostatic imbalance

when feedback can’t keep conditions within normal limits

Superior

Above/higher than

Cranial

Closer to the head

Inferior

Below

Caudal

closer to the end of spinal column

Ventral

belly surface

Anterior

front

dorsal

back/spine surface

posterior

back of the body

medial

close to the midline

lateral

further from midline

proximal

closer to the origin of a structure

distal

further from the origin of a structure

superficial

towards the surface

deep

towards interior of the body

Sagittal

• cutting front to back, divides body into 2 halves

• Midsaggital (when cut exactly down midline)

• Also called medial plane

Frontal Plane

cutting between anterior and posterior

• also called coronal plane

Transverse Plane

Horizontal cutting dividing into superior and inferior portions

• also called horizontal plane

cavity

large space inside the body

Dorsal cavity

• long cavity

• contains 2 divisions: cranial, spinal cavities

Ventral cavity

• 2 subdivisions are divided by diaphragm

Diaphragm

muscle used in breathing

Thoracic cavity

contains heart, lungs, air passages

superior to diaphragm

Abdominopelvic cavity

inferior to diaphragm

• contains abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

Abdominal cavity

contains stomach, liver, intestines

pelvic cavity

contains uterus, bladder, rectum

Point to where the Epigastric region is

Upper middle of abdomen

Point to where the Umbilical Region is

Middle center of abdomen

point to where the Hypogastric region is

Middle bottom of abdomen

point to where the Right + left hypochondriac regions are

top left and right of abdomen

point to where the Right + left lumbar regions are

middle left and right of abdomen

point to where the Right + left illiac regions are

bottom right and left of abdomen