(quizlet) Pharm E1 Drugs & Categories

HIV & STIs, Neuro, GI, Peds

Alginic acid

Reacts w/Na bicarb and saliva to form viscous solution (GERD)

Na bicarbonate
Calcium carbonate
Aluminum hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide
Mag hydroxide + aluminum hydroxide

Antacid (GERD)
Neutralize acid directly in stomach

Cimetidine

Famotidine

Nizatidine

H2RAs (GERD)

Decrease acid secretion by blocking H2 receptors on parietal cells

Esomeprazole

Lansoprazole

Omeprazole

Pantoprazole

Rabeprazole

PPIs (GERD)

Irreversible inhibitor of proton pump, forms sulfate bond w/pump

Ocreotide

Somatostatin analog, blocks gastrin release (GERD)

Colloidal bismuth

Sucralfate

Misoprostol

Mucosal protectants (GERD)

Scopolamine

Antimuscularinic (anti-emetics)

Dimenhydrinate

Meclizine

Hydroxyzine

Diphenhydramine

Glycopyrolate

Hyoscyamine

Anti-emetics

Odansetron

Dolasetron

Granisetron

Anti-serotienrgic (anti-emetics)

5-HT receptor antagonist both CNS and peripheral

Metoclopramide

Phenothiazines

Anti-dopaminergic (anti-emetics)

D2 receptor antagonist in CT2

Dronabinol

Nabilone

Cannabinoids (anti-emetics)

Activate CB1 receptors, central action on vomiting center

Aprepitant

Substance P antagonist (anti-emetic)

Antagonist at NK1 substance P receptor

Metaclopramide

Erythromycin

Prokinetic drugs (anti-emetics)

Psyllium

Methylcellulose

Bulk-forming agents (laxatives)

Increase bulk and water content of stool, increased motility, increased volume, augments peristalsis

Mineral oil

Glycerin

Docusate sodium

Stool softeners (laxativeS)

Emulsified w/stool and increased water content and lubricant

Castor oil

Senna

Bisacodyl

Stimulants/irritants (laxatives)

Increased motility

Magnesium sulfate

Magnesium hydroxide

Lactulose

Mannitol

Sodium phosphate

Polyethylene glycol

Osmotic agents (laxatives)

Increased water content/motility

Bismuth subsalicylate

Anti-diarrheal agent (laxatives)

Inhibits intestinal secretions

Sulfasalazine

Mesalamine

Aminosallycylates (IBD)

Reduces inflammation through inhibition of COX and lipoxygenase

Hydrocortisone

Budesonide

Prednisone

Methylprednisolone

Corticosteroids (IBD)

Anti-inflammatory effect

Thiopurines

Cyclosporine

Methotrexate

Immunosuppressants (IBD)

Decreased metabolism of purines and inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis

Infliximab

Adalimumab

Chimeric MAB against TNF-alpha to decrease immune response (IBD)

Psyllium

Methylcellulose

Calcium polycarbophil

Bulk-forming laxatives (IBS)

Absorbs water, bowel motility, relieve constipation, decrease bloating/diarrhea

Mag hydroxide

Polyethyline glycol

Magnesium citrate

Sodium phosphate

Lactulose

Sorbitol

Osmotic laxatives (IBS)

Binds water

Iubiprostone

Cl channel activator (IBS)

Amitriptyline

Imipramine

TCA (IBS)

Effects muscularinic receptors and serotonin reuptake

Tegaserod

5HT4 partial agonist, stimulates peristaltic reflex (IBS)

Loperamide

Cholestyramine

Antidiarrheals (IBS)

Decrease bowel frequency

Alosetron

5HT3 receptor antagonist (IBS)

Only for women with severe IBS-D

Hycoscyamine sulfate

Dicyclomine

Propantheline HCl

Glycopyrrolate

Clindinum/chlordiazepoxide

Hyoscyamine/scopolamine

Antisposmodic agents (IBS)

Rifaximin

Antibiotics (IBS)

Broad spectrum not systemically absorbed

Thymidine analogs (stavudine, ziobudine)

Deoxycytidine analogs (emtricitabine, lamivudine)

Deoxyguanosine analogs (abacavir)

Deoxyadenosine (didanosine, tenofovir)

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (HIV)

Prevents DNA elongation once incorporated into DNA strand

Delaviridine

Efavirenz

Neuirapine

Etavirine

Rilpivirine

Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (HIV)

Force conformational change preventing DNA production

Atazanavir

Darunavir

Fosamprenavir

Indinavir

Lopinavir

Nelfinavir

Ritonavir

Saquinavir

Tipranavir

Protease inhibitors (HIV)

Inhibit protease preventing virus from making mature proteins

Enfuviritide

Fusion inhibitors (HIV)

Inhibit HIV-1 envelope fusion

Raltegravir

Dolutegravir

Elvitegravir

Bictegravir

Cabotegravir

Integrase inhibitors (HIV)

Bind to integrase and prevent viral DNA from being incorporated into chromosomal DNA

Maraviroc

CCR5 antagonist (HIV)

Works on HIV-1 and 2, blocks human receptor

Interferon alfa

Antiviral, antiproliferative, immunomodulary effects, stimulates host immune system to mount defense (Hep B)

Iamivudine

Adefovir

Entecavir

Telbivudine

Tenofovir

Other Hep B options

Daclatasvir

Binds to NS5A, distorts structure of protein and impairs function (Hep C)

Ledipasvir/sofobuvir

Inhibit NS5A (Hep C)

Ombitasvir

NS5A inhibitor (HepC)

Ribavirin

Decreased guanosine triphosphate, increased RNA mutation, immunostimulatory (Hep C)

Simeprevir

Inhibit NS3/4A protease (Hep C)

Phenytoin

AED

Inhibits sodium channel

Carbamazepine

AED

Inhibits sodium channel

Oxcarbazepine

AED

Inhibits sodium channel

Valproic Acid

AED

Inhibits sodium channel

Inhibits calcium channel

Enhances GABA

Diazepam

Benzodiazepine (AED)

Enhances GABA

Acute seizures

Lorazepam

Benzodiazepine (AED)

Enhances GABA

IV for acute seizures

Midazolem

Benzodiazepine (AED)

Enhances GABA

Clonazepam

Benzodiazepine (AED)

Enhances GABA

Peds seizures

Clobazam

Benzodiazepine (AED)

Enhances GABA

Phenobarbital

AED

Enhances GABA

Neonatal seizures

Felbamate

AED

Enhances GABA, inhibits NMDA

Refractory seizures

Ethosuximide

AED

Inhibits Ca channels

Absence seizures

Gabapentin

AED

Enhances GABA, possible Ca interaction

Pregabalin

AED

Enhances GABA, possible Ca interaction

Lamotrigine

AED

Inhibits Na and glutamate

Lacosamide

AED

Na channels, binds CRMP-2

Selegiline

MAO-B inhibitor

Parkinson's

Reduce metabolism of dopamine

Rasagiline

MAO-B inhibitor

Parkinson's

Reduce metabolism of dopamine

Benztropine

Anticholinergic

Parkinson's

Blocks Ach in substantia nigra

Trihexyphenidyl

Anticholinergic

Parkinson's

Blocks Ach in substantia nigra

Diphenhydramine

Anticholinergic

Parkinson's

Blocks Ach in substantia nigra

Amantadine

Treats mild parkinson's

Release dopamine, anticholinergic, NMDA agonist

Bromocriptine

Dopamine agonist

Ergot derivative

Parkinson's

Pramipexole

Dopamine agonist

Non-ergot derivative

Parkinson's

Ropinirole

Dopamine agonist

Non-ergot derivative

Parkinson's

Rotigotine

Dopamine agonist

Non-ergot derivative

Parkinson's

Apormorphine

Dopamine agonist

Non-ergot derivative

Parkinson's

Levodopa

Precursor to dopamine

Parkinson's

Carbidopa

Inhibitor of peripheral L-AAD

Parkinson's

Levodopa/Carbidopa

Gold standard for parkinson's

Crosses BBB

Talcapone

COMT inhibitor

Parkinson's

Entacapone

COMT inhibitor

Parkinson's

Donepezil

Cholinesterase inhibitor

Alzheimer's

Rivastigmine

Cholinesterase inhibitor

Alzheimer's

Galantamine

Cholinesterase inhibitor

Alzheimer's

Memantine

NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist

Alzheimer's

IV methylprednisolone

Corticosteroid

MS exacerbation

Plasma exchange

Inhibits edema at area of demyelination

MS exacerbation

Avonex

Interferon B1b&1a

Disease modifying therapy for MS

Rebif

Interferon B1b&1a

Disease modifying therapy for MS

Bateseron, Extavia

Interferon B1b&1a

Disease modifying therapy for MS

Plegridy

Interferon B1b&1a

Disease modifying therapy for MS

Glatiramer acetate

T cell activator

Disease modifying therapy for MS

Natalizumab

Prevents lymphocyte from crossing BBB

Disease modifying therapy for MS

Fingolimod

Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonist

Disease modifying therapy for MS

Teriflunomide

Reduces # of inflammatory cells in CNS

Disease modifying therapy for MS

Dimethyl fumarate

Disease modifying therapy for MS

Available PO

Alemtuzumab

Antibody against CD52 inducing cytolysis

Disease modifying therapy for MS

Muscle relaxants

Gabapentin or pregabalin

Onabotulinum toxin A

Treat spasticity in MS

Oxybutin

Solifenacin, darifenacin

Self catheterization

Treat bladder problems with MS

Carbamazepine

Phenytoin

TCAs

Treat sensory issues with MS

Amantadine

Antidepressants

Modafinil/armodafinil

Amphetamines

Treat fatigue in MS

Aspirin

NSAID

Migraines

Ibuprofen

NSAID

Migraines

Naproxen

NSAID

Migraines

Excedrin

NSAID

Migraines