all ap hug vocab

use spaced repetition for ap test

Relative location

Position of a place or entity based on it's location with respect to othet locations

Pattern

The arrangement of objects on earths surface in the relationship to one another

Malthusian theory

Population growth is growing too fast for food to keep up

Population doubling time

Percentage growing by 70

Pro-natalist

Encourages children

Relative distance

Measures of social, cultural and economic relatedness or connectivity between 2 places

Anti-natalist

Discourages people from having kids

Arithmetic growth

Grows by the same amount in each time interval

DTM stage 1

High birth rate, high death rate, population stayed the same

DTM stage 2

Early expansion where population begins to rise

DTM stage 3

Birth rates now fall rapidly while death rates continue to fall

Low stationary phase

DTM stage 4

DTM stage 5

Very low Crude Birth Rate increasing Crude Death Rate few young people

Emigration

Leaving a place

Epidemiological transition model

Describes changing patterns of population distribution in relation to changing patterns or mortality, fertility, and life expectancy

Esther boserup

Believed that there will be no famine

Exponential growth

Population per capita growth of population size

Immigration

Going to a new country

Neoliberal policies

Economic policies that promote free-market principles

Post-fordist productions

Adoption by companies f flexible work rules, such as the allocation of workers to teams that preform a variety of tasks

World trade organization

Works to reduce barriers to international trade by reducing restrictions (tariffs) Ana enforcements (agreements)

International Monetary Fund

Provide loans to countries experiencing balance of payment problems that threatens expansion of imp

Rowstows economist theory

5 stages to become a core country

Wallersteins world system theory

Divides countries of the world into 3 groups based on political power, social standing, economic and technology development (core semi-periphery, periphery)

Renewable energy

Energy sources that are naturally replenished an on the human timescale

Tertiary sector

Anything that has to do with the scale of exchange of goods

Service sectors

Divided into 3 subdivisions consumer, business, and public services

Secondary sector

Manufacturing/finishing making goods

UN's sustainable development goals

Set of 17 goals adopted by the UN to end poverty, protect the planet, ensure peace, and prosperity

Multiplier effect

Describes expansion of an areas economies base as a result of the basic and non-basic industries located there

Mercoser

South American organization whose purpose is to expand trade, improve transposition, reduce tariffs among member countries

Just in time delivery

When good arrive right when they are needed

Microloans

Small loans provided to individuals or small businesses

OPEC

Governments organization of 13 oil-producing countries that aim t coordinate an unify member countries

Outsourcing

Process of moving industrial productions or services out of the country

Primary source

Economic activities include anything to do with agriculture/ mining raw materials

International division of labor

Transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid, less skilled workers from developed countries to developing countries

Small scale finance

Quaternary sector

Activities that involve the creation and distribution of knowledge and informations

Quinary sector

Highest level of economic activities involve desision making

Economic

Land that is permanently populated by human society

Dependency ratio

Percentages of people in a population who are either too young to too old to work and must be supported

Demography

Study of populations (characteristic's)

Crude birth rate

Number of live births occurring during a year per every 1,000 people in a given population in a given year

Crude death rate

Number of deaths per year per 1,00 people in a given populations

Carrying capacity

How many people in an area can support on a sustained bases

Agricultural density

Measures the number of farmers per unit area of farm land

Farmers/arabe land

Arithmetic density

Population/land

Total fertility rate

Estimate of average number of children born to each female in her childbearing years

Redistricting

Which areas are grouped together for purpose of election

Rate of natural increase

Annual growth of populations

Population pyramids

Show the aga as sex demographics of a particular level scale

Population distribution

Equally spaced apart randomly spread out or bunch in groups

Population density

Number of people who live in a defined area

Physiological density

Number of people per unit area of arable land

Overpopulation

Area that cannot support that amount of people

Life expectancy

Average number of years an individual can be expected to live given current social, economic, and medical conditions

Infant mortality rate

Measure how many babies per thousand die before their first birthday

Online mapping

The process of of using maps usually created through GIS on the internet

Photograph interviews

Act of examining photographic images for the identifying objects and judging for their significance

Sustainability

The practice of using natural resources responsibly so they can support present and future

Travel narrative

An count of a journey that provides information about the ethnographic, biographic, and physical characteristics of an area

Policy documents

Business rules and guidelines of a company that ensure consistency and compliance within the companies strategic direction

Ethnocentrism

Feeling that ones own ethnic group is superior

Ethnicity

Identity with a group of people who share a common identity with a specific homeland

Ethnic neighborhoods

A area within a city containing members of the same ethnic group backgrounds

Culture

A total way of life held in a common by a group of people including learned features

Ethnic cultures

Group of people who share traditions of a particular homeland

Dialects

Regional variety of a language distinguished by a vocabulary, spelling, and or pronunciations

Cultural relativism

Understanding a culture on its own terms rather than judging it by the standards or customs of ones own culture

Centripetal forces

An attitude that unifies people and enhances support for a state

Cultural landscape

Cultural attributes of an area often used to describe a place

Cultural divergence

Result of the restriction of a culture from the outside cultural influences

Cutural convergence

When 2 or more cultures influence each other and become simiar with increased contact

Creolization

The process in which 2 or more languages converge and form a new language

Globalization

Increasing connection of economic, cultural and political characteristics across the world

Contagious diffusion

The rapid widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population

Expansion diffusion

When innovations spread to a new place while staying strong in their original location

Centrifugal forces

Forces to attitudes that tend to divide a state

Colonialism

The process by which one nation exercises near complete control over another country which they have settled and taken over

Remote sensing

The process of taking pictures of the earths surface from satellites

Satellite imagery

Images of the earth taken from artificial satellites orbiting the planet

Shape distortion

Misrepresentation of a shape, area, distance, or direction between geographic features compared to other true measurements

Regional scale

Level of a specific region or geographical area this is larger than a single community or neighborhood but smaller than the entire location

Satellite navigation system

GPS satellites broadcasting navigation signals

Space

Physical gap or interval between objects

Thematic map

Maps that tell a story about a place

Toponym

Baseline name for a place

Time space convergence

Process of travel ties as technology advances

Natural resources

Something found within the natural environment this is accessible and economically valuable to humans

Perceptual/vernacular region

An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity

Person interviews

A direct face to face conversation that collects data like a survey

Place

Specific point on earth with humans and physical characteristics that distinguish it from other parts

Possibilism

People are adjusting

Reference maps

Maps that show where something is in space

Regional analysis

Study of a specific region or area with understanding its characteristics and patterns

Relative direction

Directions based on peoples surroundings and perception

Online visualization

Compilation and publication of websites that provides geographical and textual information in the form of maps

Assimilation

The process through which which people lose originally differentiating traits when they come in contact with another society