Hermenutics Test 4

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What are the Gospels?

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1

What are the Gospels?

The good news before the NT

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2

What was the gospels applied towards?

The four canonical gospels

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3

What are the two gospels brought up in class?

The Gospel of Thomas

The Gospel of Judas

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4

What are the non-canonical gospels?

Infancy Gospel of Thomas

The Gospel of Peter

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5

What types of gospels do not follow the genre?

Noncanonical Gospels

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6

In the early centuries, gospels were not viewed as a separate genere. What were they instead?

  1. Biography

  2. Aretaology

  3. Comedy

  4. Tragedy

  5. Parable

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7

What is a biography?

Not by modern standards

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8

What is aretalogy?

Episode in the life of a divine man; this usually exaggerates the feats of famous warriors

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9

What is a comedy?

A story with a triumphant ending

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10

What is a tragedy?

A story where the hero is defeated

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11

What is a parable?

The whole gospel is one long metaphor

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12

What was the Gospel of Thomas?

a loose connection of saying of Jesus

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13

What was the Gospel of Judas?

Jesus asked Judas to betray him

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14

What gospel was in the Gnostic late 2nd century?

The Gospel of Judas

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15

What is the Infancy Gospel of Thomas?

A collection of unsustained childhood stories

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16

What is the Gospel of Peter?

Resurrection stories

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17

What is the gospel in reality?

A theological biography

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18

What is a theological biography?

They are historical, but the author chooses the events to fit his theme

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19

What are the two problems with the gospels?

  1. Theological - biblical faith has historical character as its foundation

  2. The writers claim to be historical

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20

What is the main issue with the gospels?

They don’t always fit our idea of history

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21

In a sense, what are the gospel writers?

Preachers

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22

Where is the source of authority located?

Inspired writings, not facts

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23

What were the authors?

Historians and theologians

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24

What is a form of gospel?

Parables

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25

What is a parable?

An earthly story with a heavenly meaning

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26

What does parable mean in Greek

Para - alongside of

Ballo - throw down

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27

Are parables new?

No, II Samuel 12:1-10

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28

What are the purposes of parables (Matthew 13:10-15)?

  1. Reveal the truth to believers

  2. Hide the truth from those who hardened their hearts

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29

How were parables interpreted historically?

Allegorically

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30

How do we interpret parables now?

  1. Explore the historical settings

  2. Look for the main points - usually one main truth

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31

What should we ask ourselves when we look for the main point?

  1. Ask what the teaching about the Kingdom of God is. Does it refer to the Kingdom of God?

  2. Consider the key characteristics

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32

How much of the parables have three characters?

2/3rds

Most of the rest have two

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33

What kind of attempts have been made toward miracle stories?

Demythologize them

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34

What ways have miracles stories been demythologized?

  1. Natural explanations - walking on a sandbar

  2. Myths to promote the divinity of Jesus

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35

What did miracle stories attempt to do?

  1. Attempt to show who Jesus was

  2. To show the inbreaking of the Kingdom of God

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36

What are pronouncement stories?

A self-narrative that functions to introduce a climatic saying of Jesus

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37

How is typology different from an allegory?

There is a historical meaning in the text, but prefigure subsequent events.

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38

What does the OT do?

Foreshadows things to come

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39

What are the differences between types and symbols?

  1. Symbols need not have any similarity to what they represent: Type resembles what they prefigure.

  2. Types point forward, while some symbols do not

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40

What is the difference between types and allegories?

Types seek links between historical events and personal allegories and find hidden meanings under the obvious meanings.

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41

What are the characteristics of types?

  1. There must be some notable point of resemblance

  2. There must be some evidence of divine affirmation of the type or antitype

  3. Must prefigure something in the future

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42

Adam is a type of what?

God

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43

What are the classifications of types?

  1. A person whose life illustrates some great truth of redemption

  2. A typcial event

  3. A typical institution

  4. Typical offices

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44

What is the most important aspect of types to find?

Historical-cultural situations

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45

What should we search for?

Points of compassion

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46

What theme is the book of Acts?

Theological history

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47

What did St. Paul determine about Luke?

Luke was a historian of the 1st rank

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48

What are some things we must remember about Acts?

  1. Acts 1:8 seems to be the them. We must ask how the various stories fit?

  2. Think of Luke-Act as one unit

  3. We also must recognize the significance of Pentecost

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49

What is the turning point of Acts?

Between the Mosaic and the new Covanent.

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50

When did Acts happen?

Transitional period

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51

What do the Epistles contain?

  1. Arguments

  2. Rhetoric

  3. Other genres

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52

The Epistles are not just what?

Not just personal letters

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53

How do we interpret the Epistles?

  1. Read the letter as a whole

  2. The letters must be read historically

  3. Read the letters as a literary document

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54

What is the common structure of Pauline letters?

  1. Address

  2. Greeting

  3. Thanksgiving

  4. Main body

  5. Closing

  6. Benidiction

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55

A specific letter was written for particular what?

  1. People

  2. Time

  3. Problem

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56

What does Hebrews not have?

Doesn’t begin with a letter

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57

What is James missing?

Doesn’t end like a letter

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58

What is 1 John missing?

No salutation or closing

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59

What does Hebrews call itself?

A word of exhortation

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60

1 John and James seem like what?

Sermons

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61

Half of the verses in James are what?

Imperatives

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62

What are genres within the Epistles?

  1. Creeds and Hymns

  2. Domestic Codes

  3. Slogans or sayings

  4. Vice and Virtue lists

  5. Diatribe

  6. Letter of introduction or recommendation

  7. Apologetic recommendation

  8. Family letter

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63

What is a diatribe?

Answering a hypothetical objection

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64

Who did not write a commentary on The Revelation?

John Calvin

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65

Why did Calvin not write a commentary on The Revelation?

He did not know what to do with it

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66

How many different genres can fit Revelation?

3

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67

What are the three different genres in Revelation?

  1. An epistle

  2. Prophecy

  3. Apocalyptic

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68

What is Revelation 1:4?

A letter to 7 churches

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69

If Revelation is an epistle, what must we do?

We must pay attention to the historical background

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70

If Revelation was a letter, who was it written to?

An identifiable group of believers

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71

If Revelation was a letter, why was it written?

To encourage then during a time of persecution

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72

What is Revelation linked to?

To contemporary events in the Roman empire

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73

What are the 4 interpretations for prophecy in Revelation?

  1. Preterist

  2. Futurist

  3. Idealist

  4. Historicist

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74

What does a preterist mean?

All events are in the past

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75

What does futurist mean?

all events in the future (at least after Revelation 6)

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76

What does idealist mean?

Symbolic of timeless struggle of good and evil

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77

What does historicist mean?

Development of the entire church age

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78

A conservative view believes there is a combination between what two prophecy types?

Preterist and Futurist

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79

Symbols are what?

Warnings not literal photographs

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80

What is the revelation?

Visions and dreams at the end of world history

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81

Why is it important to make applications of Scriptures?

  1. The Scripture repeatedly claims that people glorify God by obeying, that is applying, God’s word

  2. The Bible claims that its message is relevant for later generations

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82

How do we assure that we speak so people can hear?

  1. Climb down off the academic mountain

  2. Live where the people live

  3. Ask the questions they are asking

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83

What have we’ve spent the whole semester saying?

  1. The first principle is to determine the original application of the passage

  2. What is the application for our present time a culture?

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84

What questions should we ask ourselves to make the right application?

  1. Is there a command to obey

  2. Is there an example to follow or avoid?

  3. Is there a promise to claim?

  4. Is there a warning to heed?

  5. Is there a truth to believe?

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85

What is principilizing?

An attempt to discover in the biblical narrative, the spiritual, moral, or theological principles that has relevance to contemporary.

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86

What are the two levels of principilizing?

  1. The interpreter must bridge the gulf of the cultural elements in the text, acknowledging his own cultural baggage

  2. Attept to transcend both issues to apply the original passage to a contemporary audience

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87

What is at the center when we interpret the original message of the bible?

Universal and of enduring authority from that which is cultural

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88

What three approaches do we have when we look at a text historically and culturally?

  1. Retain the principle and expression

  2. Retain the principle but suggest a modern expression

  3. Change both principle and expression

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89

What are the six principles for Cultural Application?

  1. Observe the reason why the command

  2. In some cases we can modify the cultural norm but retain the concept

  3. Refuse practices that were an integral part of pagan culture

  4. Notice when the application might need to be altered for a cultural equivalent

  5. depend on the Holy Spirit

  6. Practice Humility

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90

What are the crucial elements for proper interpretation and application?

  1. Salvation

  2. Spiritual Maturity

  3. Diligent study

  4. Common sense and logic

  5. Humble dependence on the Holy Spirit for disernment

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