Bioenergetics

photosynthesis symbol equation

6CO₂ + 6H₂O ——> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

(with sunlight and chlorophyll over the arrow)

photosynthesis word equation

carbon dioxide + water ——> glucose + oxygen

(with sunlight and chlorophyll over the arrow)

photosynthesis definition

endothermic reaction- sunlight absorbs which converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen

uses of glucose

• respiration

• converted into starch

• produce amino acids

• produce cellulose cell walls

Light intensity on rate of photosynthesis + graph

Increases- more energy for the reaction

CO₂ on rate of photosynthesis + graph

Increases- more reactants (unless there is limiting)

Amount of chlorophyll

Increases- more energy for the reaction

Temperature

Increases then decreases- initially more energy but the enzyme denatures

Limiting factor definition

A factor that can limit the rate of reaction

Responses to exercise

• heart pumps faster

• breathing rate increases

• deeper breaths

Reason why the body responds to exercise

supply more oxygenated blood to the muscles

metabolism definition

the sum of all the reactions in the body or a cell

Examples of metabolism

• Respiration

• Formation of lipids from glycerol and fatty acids

• Conversion of glucose to starch and cellulose

• Conversion of glucose to protein (plants)

Respiration definition

An exothermic reaction continuously happening in living cells

Purpose of respiration

Transfer energy for

• chemical reactions

• warmth

• movement

Aerobic and anaerobic definitions

• Aerobic- with oxygen

• Anaerobic- without oxygen

Aerobic respiration symbol equation

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ —> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

Aerobic respiration word equation

glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Anaerobic respiration in muscles word equation

glucose ——> lactic acid

Anaerobic respiration in yeast (fermentation)

glucose ——> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Lactic acid definition

A chemical that when built up in muscles causes fatigue

Oxygen debt definition

The amount of oxygen the body needs after exercise to remove the lactic acid