Genetics Final: Mutation, Migration, and Drift Oh My

blarg

generate new alleles

how do point mutations affect allele frequency

creates linkage blocks that cause certain genes/alleles to be inherited together

how does chromosome inversion affect allele frequency

allows for the mutation of the duplicated gene creating new alleles

how does gene duplication affect allele frequency

instant speciation

how does whole genome duplication affect allele frequency

when populations go through a bottleneck or experience the founder effect, small sample size from a large population

what causes genetic drift

sampling errors, random changes in allele and genotype frequencies

through genetic drift small populations cause → ______ that cause → ______

fixation of an alllele

Genetic drift ultimately leads to ____

when one alleles frequency is 1, it is the only allele present in the population

what is fixation

random genotypic and allelic fluctuations due to sampling error

what is genetic drift

small

large or small: genetic drift most strongly effects _____ populations

founder effect

____ is when a small number of the population moves to an isolated location and carry only a portion of the diversity of the original population causing drift

Prevalence of extra fingers or toes in Amish populations

what are some examples of founder effect

two populations eventually have the same frequencies of genotypes and alleles

what does migration cause over time

they can maintain differentiation (in the frequencies) despite large amounts of migration

how do selection and genetic drift affect differentiation between two populations with migration between them

reduce

Drift tends to _______ heterozygosity

increase

Mutation tends to _____ heterozygosity

mutation migration and drift

which aspects of evolution are random

natural selection

which aspect of evolution is NOT random