Youth Culture in a Digital World | Quizlet

Youth culture

A group's shared practices, values, behaviours, and ways of expression specific to young people, shaped by social, historical, and cultural contexts. Key elements include fashion, music, language, and media use

Social media

Platforms that enable users to create and share content or participate in social networking

Social presence theory

the degree to which a person feels emotionally connected and present with others in a communication medium

Social information processing theory

People adapt to digital communication; impact depends on how individuals process social information

Channel expansion theory

More experience with media increases users' skills, making digital communication more effective over time

Uses & gratifications theory

Individuals choose media content based on their personal needs

and desires

Developmental tasks approach

Youth must complete age-related tasks; media effects differ across developmental stages

Risk and resilience approach

Differences in people depend on risk and protective factors

Snowball effect

Risks accumulate and intensify over time

Turnaround model

Interventions or positive changes can reverse negative trajectories

Ecological model

Highlights an individual's development is influenced by a series of interconnected environmental systems, ranging from the immediate surroundings (e.g., family) to broad societal structures (e.g., culture)

Media use

Any intentional or incidental use of media channels, devices, content, or platforms

Media effects

Deliberate or unintended short- or long-term changes in cognitions, emotions, attitudes, or behaviour resulting from media use

Magic bullet / hypodermic needle theory

Media directly injects messages into passive audiences

Two-step flow

Media influences opinion leaders, who then influence others

Limited Effects Perspective

Media has weaker, indirect influence

Cultivation theory

Exposure to media across time has influence on our perceptions about reality

Mainstreaming

Viewers share similar worldviews despite differences

Resonance

Influence TV is different for subgroups based on experience, interests, etc.

Agenda-setting theory

Ability to influence the significance of topics on the public agenda

Spiral of silence

An individual's willingness to express their opinion is a function of how they perceive public opinion

Framing theory

The way information is presented determines the media effect

Social comparison theory

We determine our self-worth by comparing with others

Social learning / social cognitive theory

People learn behaviours through observation (intentional or not)

Differential susceptibility model

Media effects depend on three categories of susceptibility: dispositional, developmental and social

Social norms theory

People's behaviors and attitudes are heavily influenced by their perceptions of what their peers are doing or think is acceptable

Parental modelling

Children learn from what parents do, not just what they say

Parental phubbing

Ignoring the child because of the phone

Parental mediation theory

Three types of internet-specific parenting: active, restrictive and co-viewing

Restrictive mediation

Setting rules and regulations about children's media use

Proactive rules

Clear agreements in advance

Reactive rules

Intervening only after conflict

Active mediation

Talking with children about what they do online

Co-viewing mediation

The parents watches television together with their child(ren)

Sharenting

Parents sharing pictures or stories of their children online

Delinquency

Rule-breaking or illegal behaviour by young people

Age-crime curve

Delinquency peaks in adolescence and declines in adulthood

FWISC

Facilitation of opportunities, Weakining of conventional ties, Impact on normative framework, Social comparison, Conflict escalation

Descriptive norm

"It is normal"

Injunctive norm

"It is desirable/status-enhancing"

Neutralization

"It is defendable/not that bad"

Peer endorsement

Sharing or forwarding (criminogenic) content

Routine activities theory

Crime happens when there is a motivated offender, suitable target, and lack of guardianship

Money mule

Individuals providing criminals access to bank accounts, in exchange for loot

Social bond theory

Strong bonds to family, school, and friends protect against delinquency

Relative deprivation theory

Feelings of discontent and frustration come from the perceived gap between what one has and what one feels they deserve

Strain theory

Crime occurs when there's a gap between culturally accepted goals (like wealth) and the legitimate means to achieve them, causing pressure ("strain")

Upward comparison

Evaluate yourself against those superior

Downward comparison

Evaluate yourself against those inferior

Code of the street theory

In disadvantaged inner-city neighbourhoods, an informal, unwritten set of rules governs public behaviour, especially violence, as a way to gain respect

G-checking

"Are they truly gangster?"

Internet banging

Provocations and threats between rivalling groups