Topic 4 USH Mathis

Alsace-Lorraine

Territory taken by Germany from France as a rest of the Franco Prussian war. Was later returned to France as a result of German defeat in WWI

American Expeditionary Forces (AEF)

About 2 million Americans went to France as members of this under General John J. Pershing. Included the regular army, the National Guard, and the new larger force of volunteers and draftees and they served as individuals

Assembly Lines

A long line of workers and equipment where one worker or group of workers does one job.

Bernard Baruch

A Wall Street broker before being chosen by President Wilson in 1918 to head the War Industries Board. He helped the U.S. Manage war production.

Bernard Baruch

He headed the War Industries Board which placed the control of industries into the hands of the federal government. It was a prime example of War Socialism.

Buying on Margin

paying a small percentage of a stock's price as a down payment and borrowing the rest

Casualty

A person killed or injured in a war or accident

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

government agency created during World War I to encourage Americans to support the war

Conscientious Objector

Person who refuses to enter the military or bear arms due to moral or religious reasons

Consumer Revolution

flood of new, affordable goods in the decades after World War I

Contraband

(n.) illegal traffic, smuggled goods; (adj.) illegal, prohibited

Creditor Nation

country which is owed more money by other countries than it owes other countries

Espionage Act

1917 act gave the government new ways to combat spying

Fourteen Points

A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.

Francis Ferdinand

archduke of Austria-Hungary who was assassinated in 1914

George Creel

Headed the Committee on Public Information, for promoting the war effort in WWI

Great Migration

movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

Henry Cabot Lodge

Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations

Henry Ford

1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents.

Inflation

a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.

Installment Buying

A consumers buys products by promising to pay small, regular amounts over a period of time

Irreconcilables

Senators who voted against the League of Nations with or without reservations

John J. Pershing

US general who chased Villa over 300 miles into Mexico but didn't capture him

League of Nations

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations

Lusitania

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.

Mass Production

Process of making large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply

Militarism

A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war

Model T

A cheap and simple car designed by Ford. It allowed for more Americans to own a car.

Reservationists

Senators who pledged to vote in favor of the Treaty of Versailles if certain changes were made - led by Henry Cabot Lodge

Scientific Management

the application of scientific principles to increase efficiency in the workplace

Selective Service Act

Law passed by Congress in 1917 that required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft

Self-determination

Concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves

U-Boats

German submarines used in World War I

Vladimir Lenin

Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924).

Western Front

A line of trenches and fortifications in World War I that stretched without a break from Switzerland to the North Sea. Scene of most of the fighting between Germany, on the one hand, and France and Britain, on the other.

William II

This new German emperor opposed Bismarck, fired him, and ended up being less successful than Bismarck anyway

Zimmerman Note

Message proposing an alliance between Germany and Mexico

After defeating Russia on the eastern front, what country did the Central Powers focus their efforts?

Austria Hungary

Because militarism had been a major cause of the war, what did the framers of the Treaty of Versailles force upon Germany?

They barred Germany from maintaining an army

Closely linked with industrialization, this long-term cause of the war involved a contest for colonies

imperialism

How did technology make this war different from its predecessors? Why was it so destructive?

It made war more deadlier than ever because of the developments in engineering, metallurgy, chemistry, and weaponry.

How did the Espionage and Sedition Acts affect freedom of speech? How did labor leaders attack the Acts?

Prohibited spying; anyone who got in the way of the draft or created false statements about military could be arrested

anyone who spoke against the war and drew attention could be arrested

Laws that made it a crime to criticize the war or the government

How did women contribute to the war effort? How does this contribution relate to the concepts of total war and the home front? What would be the status of women after the war? What gains did they make during the war?

Women were recruited to the jobs that men left when they went to war. It shows that our country was desperate to go to war, and once we did, there was no one to control the home front. After the war, there would be a new respect for women.

In 1914, which nations were a part of the Allies?

Britain, France, Russia

In 1914, which nations were a part of the Central Powers?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire

Know the 4 main causes of World War I.

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism

The policy that kept the United States out of the war for three years was?

Neutrality

The war might have involved only two nations, Austria-Hungary and Serbia, if not for what?

alliances

Was the Treaty of Versailles fair to all nations? Why or why not?

No because it gave a war guilt cause for Germany, stating that they (their citizens) had to pay for all reparations from war.

What caused widespread starvation in Germany

British Blockade

What country did David Lloyd George represent?

Great Britain

What country did Georges Clemenceau represent?

France

What country did the first invasion take place in?

Belgium at the battle of Marne

What country did Vittorio Emanuele Orlando represent?

Italy

What country did Woodrow Wilson represent?

United States

What is mechanized warfare and which weapons of mechanized warfare were introduced in World War I?

the use of armored fighting vehicles in warfare; tanks and airplanes were used

What role did propaganda play in the war? Why was it eventually necessary to "sell" the war? Who was George Creel?

Propaganda was used during the war to convince Americans to go to war. It was used to persuade people to feel a certain way about a topic. He served on the united states committee on public information.

What was a Conscientious objector?

Someone who opposes the war based on morals and grounds

What was a German U-boat? How did the U.S combat them?

German submarine; the US had all of their ships guarded by naval ships

What was instituted to help conserve fuel during WWI?

Day light savings

What was the British liner that was sunk by German U-boat?

The Lusitania

What was the convoy system?

the protection of merchant ships from U-boat-German submarine-attacks by having the ships travel in large groups escorted by warships

What was the Great Migration?

Tons of African Americans from the south moved into northern cities, Chicago, Detroit, New York

What was the Immigration quota system?

Set numbers in place that limited the number of immigrants from each country that was let into the US

What was the League of Nations? What was the United States Senate concerned about?

A world organization established to promote international peace. US Senate did not want to join the league of nations because they did not want to be involved in another European conflict, they wanted to remain isolated

What was the most compelling reason for the United States to enter the war? What were the reasons many did not want to enter the war?

They wanted to remain neutral and not get involved in any other countries' wars, but the sinking of their boats and ships by Germany caused them to want to go to war.

What was the purpose of the National War Industries Board?

Put restrictions on companies and their productions to benefit the war

What was the purpose of the National War Labor Board?

Pushed for minimum wage, 8 hour work days, and rights of workers to form unions to avoid strikes that would disrupt the war

What was the Schlieffen Plan? What made it effective?

A plan for war that allowed Germany to invade France through Belgium (caused a two-front war)

What was the Selective Service Act?

Men were required to sign up for military service if needed in the draft

What was the Zimmerman note?

The British intercepted a message from the German foreign minister, Zimmerman, to his ambassador in Mexico. Zimmerman authorized his ambassador to propose that Germany would help Mexico to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona in return for Mexican support against the US.

What was Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points" peace plan and how was it received?

Wilson created a list of his terms resolving American Neutrality and future wars.

What were the main flaws in the Treaty of Versailles?

It was harsh towards Germany,

Which nation suffered the fewest casualties?

United States

Who was Alvin York?

killed 25 machine-gunners and captured 132 German soldiers when his soldiers took cover; won Congressional Medal of Freedom

Who was assassinated, which triggered the war? Where was he assassinated?

Francis Ferdinand; Sarajevo Bosnia

Wilson, Clemenceau, Lloyd George and Orlando were all referred to as what?

Big Three

After defeating Russia on the eastern front, the Central Powers concentrated fighting in France.

True

American supporters of entry into the war could claim their country was fighting a moral war because

the United States joined the war only after Russia's oppressive monarchy was replaced

Armed with only a rifle and a revolver, he killed 25 Germans, silenced 35 machine guns, and with 6 other soldiers, captured 132 prisoners.

Alvin York

Because militarism had been a major cause of the war, the farmers of the Treaty of Versailles

barred Germany from maintaining an army

Closely linked with industrialization, this long-term cause of the war involved a contest for colonies.

imperialism

Daylight-savings time was instituted as a means of conserving fuel.

True

For more than three years, the major form of fighting on the western front was air combat.

False

Gains made by American women during World War I include

increased support for women's right to vote

George Creel was a muckraking journalist who led the Committee on Public Information, the nation's first propaganda agency.

True

His assassination sparked WWI

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

In 1914, this alliance consisted of France, Great Britain, and Russia

Allies

In 1914, this alliance consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire

Central Powers

In 1918, the war Industries Board was recognized under the leadership of Bernard M. Baruch, a prosperous businessman

True

Labor leaders were targeted by the Espionage and Sedition Acts because they

demanded better conditions for workers, even during a war crisis

Nationalism in Europe, a policy under which nations built up their forces, was a major cause of World War I.

False

Of the following, the most compelling reason for the United States to enter the war was

the outrage of American citizens over German submarine warfare.

The Espionage and Sedition Acts affected freedom of speech because they

allowed the government to silence ideas that challenged is authority

The event known as the Great Migration increased the African American population of Northern cities.

True

The Great Migration was large-scale movement of hundreds of Southern African Americans to Western farms.

False

The invasion of Belgium began the active fighting in the war

True

The policy that kept the United States out of the war for three years was called

neutrality