Q2 Religion 9 Mr. Ferry's Exam

What is Idolatry?

Idolatry is a major mistake ancient religions often made. It is when people worship and inanimate object or the creations of God, rather than God himself

Why do we have a natural desire to believe in God?

We have a natural desire to believe in God because it's comforting to believe in someone who will keep our trust, and love us unconditionally

What is a supernatural virtue?

A supernatural or theological virtue is a gift from God put into faithful souls that gives the ability of acting as His children and or meriting eternal life. (Ex: Faith, Hope. Love, and Chairty)

What is the difference between a supernatural or theological virtue and an ordinary?

A supernatural/theological virtue is a gift of God's grace. An Ordinary is a virtue that is acquired through the trustworthiness of God. A supernatural virtue is not earned by hard work, whereas an ordinary virtue is earned by hard work.

What is the main reason that people experience pain and suffering?

the main reason that people experience pain and suffering is because of sin. Specifically, Adam and Eve's sin.

When does every Christian receive the theological virtue of faith?

At Baptism

What is the difference between an objective reality and a subjective opinion

An objective reality is that describes. It is a reality/truth that exists independently and regardless of one's feelings, preferences, knowledge, or opinions about it. A subjective Opinion is a point of view arising from one own' thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and knowledge. Personal opinions do not change objective realities or truths.

Subjective opinions are based entirely on ___________________________________________.

my own thoughts, feeling, perceptions, and knowledge. My personal opinion does not change and objective truth unless I am proven right.

What is a sensible reality?

a sensible reality is a truth that can be grasped with all 5 senses.

What does God's existence not depend on?

God's existence does not depend on subjective opinion (How I feel about Him or what I subjectively prefer - as if we could truthfully state that God exists for you but not me).

What is science?

The process of investigation into reality through observation and experiments.

What is a hypothesis?

A proposed explanation of some observed reality that forms the basis for further investigation and experimentation to either prove or falsify the claim

What is inductive reasoning?

a logical process that draws a probable conclusion based on particular evidence

Natural Theology studies God through ________________________________.

the light of human reason

Sacred Theology studies God through ___________________________________________.

the light of divine Faith

What is infinite regress and why is it a problem?

Everything came from the past and we can re-trace the causes and events from the past to figure out where everything came from eventually. However, we can infinitely think about the past, and come to a point where the past ends and we don't know how it started. There is no way to know where everything came from. "Infinitely Regressing"

Why is a first cause or first mover necessary?

A first cause of first mover is necessary because nothing can be created out of nothing, as nothing is the absence of anything and everything.

How does the philosophical principle that "from nothing, nothing comes" help explain God's existence?

Everything cannot be created from nothing. If the Universe was created out of "nothing" what created it? God.

How does the Order of Intelligibility help us understand the existence of God?

The order of intelligibility is a way to understand God's existence by using logic and reasoning to understand and piece together what might've happened (Ex: what caused the Big Bang Theory that created our Universe?).

What is the difference between knowing God and knowing about God?

When you know about God, you don't know Him personally, just that He exists. When you know God, you know Him personally enough to have a meaningful relationship with Him.

Where does the word "religion" come from?

the word "religion" comes from the Latin word "ligare" which means "to bind"

What are the two visions of God held by the Enlightenment?

1. God is distant and disengaged from our lives

2. God does nor exist

What was the Enightenment?

the 18th century philosophical movement which holds the basic view that denies Faith, and believes that only reason leads to the truth, which holds the potential to solve the problem of evil.

Religion always primarily boils down to one question. What is a better alternative to that question?

"To what am I going to bind myself to". Alternative= "To whom will I bind myself to"

Revelation is God's _______________________________________, and it comes in two different forms: _________________________________________________________________________________.

communication of Himself - Natural and Divine

Divine revelation is "salvific". What does that mean?

Throughout history, God intervenes directly by guiding his people toward a Salvific relationship: means "toward a relationship saving us from sin"

How does God go further than natural revelation? What does Divine Revelation do?

Natural revelation is limited. God goes further than natural, and divine revelation is God intervening directly into our human history.

How did salvation history start, progress, and culminate?

Salvation started with Adam, continued through all the history of Israel, and culminate in the birth, life, and death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ.

The two broad categories of the transmission of divine revelation are ________________________________ and _____________________________.

Sacred Scripture and Sacred Scripture

The Church does not believe that everything we need to know about God is in the bible. What else happened?

The church believes that Jesus taught the Apostles many things that weren't written down. Even the Bible lets us know that not everything is written down for us.

Define Apostolic Succession:

(N.) the handing on of Apostolic preaching and authority from the Apostles to their successors, the bishops, through laying on of hands, as a permanent office in the church.

Define Development of Doctrine:

(N.) the process of how over time, the Church reflects on who Jesus is, trying to understand more about Him so she can better communicated the Truth to the people of a particular age. Guided by the Holy Spirit, the church's understanding of hew own teaching deepens but does not change.

Scripture and Tradition always go together, and their content is called the _______________________________.

Deposit of Faith.

Define Homo Sapiens:

(N.) the scientific term for our human species. Latin for "wise man".

What do many people argue concerning the value of human beings that is Not true?

many people argue that human beings are just material beings that occupy no significant place in the universe; that we are mere stardust, like everything else. Some question whether or not our evolution beyond other animals makes us more valuable than these other creatures.

What important concepts did Christianity introduce into the world?

Christianity introduced the concept of personhood, human dignity, and human rights, as well as the ethical implications of the belief that God created humanity for friendship with Him and redeemed us after we fell into sin. That we are above the world of matter and placed at the center of God's creative purposes.

Define Dignity:

The Quality of being worthy of honor or respect and of possessing great value.

Define Rational Soul:

The philosophical name for the human soul, referring to the human powers of intellect or reason and free will.

To be made in God's image means that we possess the powers of ____________________________________________________________.

intellect/reason, free will, and love.

Why does the human body possess tremendous dignity?

because it is joined to the soul

God created human beings ____________, and _______________, and gave them the same ______________________________ as human persons.

man - woman - perfect equality

Define Incarnation:

the fact that the son of God assumed human nature and became man in order to accomplish our salvation. Jesus Christ, the son of God, the second person of the trinity is both true God and true man.

By his Incarnation, Jesus revealed the fullness of what it means to be ______________.

Human

In general, what does it mean to be a steward of creation?

to treat other creatures according to the value that they possess. By respecting the earth and all its creatures as our common home. to be a caretaker of the earth (our environment).

What is Grace?

The free and undeserved gift of his own life that God gives us to respond to our vocation and become his adopted children.

What is Discipleship?

The process of growing in relationship with Jesus, learning from His teachings and examples, and journeying on the path of life as His Disciple.

What is the chief way God gives grace to humanity?

Through the sacraments of the Church

What are the three sacraments of Christian Initiation?

1. Baptism

2. Confirmation

3. Eucharist

What authority did Christ give the Church and why?

Christ gave the Church the authority to make the rules that will guide us morally through life.

What is Envagelization?

The act of sharing the good news of the Gospel message of Salvation. At the command of Jesus, the Church's missions is to evangelize the whole world.

Jesus had a _____________________ nature and a ______________ nature. He is one ___________________ person.

human - divine - divine

We can literally say that Mary is the ____________________________.

Mother of God (Theotokos/God bearer).

Why did the Fathers of the Church call Jesus and Mary the New Adam and the New Eve?

God announced to Adam and Eve that He would bring about redemption through another man and women. Mary reversed the sin that Eve brought into the world and she obeyed God with her free will unlike Eve. Jesus reversed sin that Adam brought into the world and Jesus brought salvation into the world.

What is the Protoevangelium?

The name given to Genesis 3:15 in which God promises to send a savior to crush the head of the serpent (satan).

What is Logos?

The divine word of God - Greek for "word"

Briefly describe all the ways God has spoken to us:

by becoming one of us, walking among us, healing the sick, raising the dead, dying on the cross for us.

Jesus communicates God as a ______________________________.

Blessed Trinity (one God).

What do we mean when say Jesus uses filial language and what does this say about our relationship with God?

We are made in God's image. This is why Jesus used common concepts to describe God. We know not only that Jesus is the son of God, but that we are God's sons and daughters. filial language - "father", "mom" terms used to describe family

What does the word contingent mean?

depends on

What does the word begotten mean?

born from (the son is eternally begotten from the father).

What does it mean that we contingent beings?

Our existence depends on God, God is not contingent (his existence does not depend on anything or anyone).

What is revealed about God the Father when we call them Father and son?

the Father and son eternally proceeds the Holy Spirit. The holy spirit is an expression of love that eternally comes from the Father and Son. The son is eternally begotten from the father. God is one divine thing with three individual persons.

What does the sacrament of Baptism make us?

Baptism makes Catholics adopted sons, daughters, brothers, and sister of the Father.

What does the word consubstantial mean?

of the same essence or substance (ex: humans are all consubstantial with one another, we all have flesh and a soul).

What is the essence of God, Angels, and Humans?

1. Divine (God's substance) The three persons of the Holy trinity are all consubstantial (of the same essence)

2. Angelic (pure spirit)

3. Human (body and soul)

What does it mean that God the Son, the second person of the trinity, is eternally begotten of the Father?

It means the Father is not created from the father, they always existed at the same time even though the son is begotten from the father, he is ETERNALLY begotten from Him.

How is Christ's mission on earth continued?

Christs' mission on earth is continued through the church and the sacraments.

How is love shared between a man and a woman in marriage like the holy spirit?

The Father and Son are constantly generating the Holy Spirit, just as a man and woman create/generate a child together.

What is the work of the Holy Spirit? What is His relationship to the Church?

animates the Body of Christ and is soul of the Church.

To sanctify us and to make us holy.

How do we receive the gifts of the Holy Spirit? Where do the fruits of the Holy spirit come from?

The fruit of the Holy Spirit is the outward characteristics of trying to live a holy life.

The Church venerates Mary under the title of _______________________________________________________________.

Theotokos (which means the Moher of God).

Why is it correct to say that Mary is the Mother of God?

Jesus was also fully man and was born from Mary (as a human) this does not mean that Mary created God or Jesus though.

Define Annunciation:

the visit of the Angel Gabirel to Mary to inform her that she was to be the mother of the savior. After giving her consent to God's word, Mary became the Mother of Jesus by the power of the Holy Spirit.

What was Mary's fiat? What does Mary say to the Angel Gabriel that express this?

Mary's fiat was her "yes" to God's will for her at the Annunciation and all throughout her life. Latin for "let it be done". Mary said to the angel Gabriel: "Behold, I am the handmaid of your Lord. May it be done to me according to your Word". (Lk. 1:38).

What does the Dogma of Immaculate Conception mean?

Mary is full of grace, hence she is preserved from all sin since her conception even OG sin. She is prepared to carry the Word.

On what does the Church base its belief in Mary's Immculate Conception?

1. Mary was born without sin so her "yes" to God was totally free

2. Scripture says nothing unclean or unholy can touch God this means Mary is free from sin and is pure and holy.

3. She's the perfect woman because her son is perfect and knows her perfectly.

Most __________________________ deny the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception.

Protestant Christians

What is the similarity between the choices of Mary and Eve?

Both of their choices were totally free and made with their own will

How do the 10 commandments also argue for Mary's Immaculate Conception?

Commandment #4 out of 10 says that men should honor their parents - the best way Jesus can honor Mary is by making he free from sin.

What does the Dogma of Mary's Assumption teach?

recognizes Mary's unique participation in her son' resurrection y which at the end of her earthly life, her body and soul was taken into Heaven where she is crowned Queen of Heaven and sist and the right hand of her son Jesus Christ. Mary's body was raised into heaven her body never saw decay just like Jesus.

How does Mary's Assumption apply to us and when will this happen?

at the end of time, everyone's (who is saved from sin) body will ascend into heaven to reunite with their souls.

What has the Church always taught about the virginity of Mary?

Mary was not just a virgin when she conceived Jesus but that she remained a virgin he whole life.

What do many Protestants say about the virginity of Mary and why?

Many protestants deny the dogma of Mary's perpetual virginity because in scripture James and Joseph are listed as brothers to Jesus (but they are actually his cousins who were born from another Mary).

What does the word brother mean in Scripture?

a close male relative or cousin

Define Latria:

adoration or worship that is due to God alone.

Define Dulia:

veneration or honor given to the saints.

Define Hyperdulia:

the greatest of honor or veneration reserved specifically for the Blessed Virgin Mary.

When we pray to Mary, what are we really asking?

We are asking her to intercede for us with God

What is conversion?

(n.). A radical reorientation of the whole life away from sin and evil, and toward God.

What is Beatitude?

(n.) supreme blessedness or happiness

What does it mean to say that we are incorporated into Christ?

means we are "put in" the Body of Christ

What is the center of the moral law in the Old Testament? What is the center of the moral law in the New Testament?

OT - 10 commandments

NT - Sermon on the Mount

What are the Beatitudes?

The Beatitudes are the teachings of Jesus in the Sermon of the Mount on the meaning to true happiness or fulfillment

What is a parable?

(n). a short story that conveys unfamiliar/complex truths in a simple and easy to understand manner by using characters and situations that are familiar to the reader.

What are the 2 great commandments?

to love and conform yourself to God, and to love your neighbor as thyself

What is a mortal sin?

a mortal sin is a grave sin that someone committed with full knowledge and deliberate consent

What is prayer?

seeking communion with God

Define Evangelization:

the spreading of the total Christian life of Discipleship and Faith - the spreading of the Good news to more people

What are human beings composed of?

A mortal body and an immortal soul

Explain the Communion of Saints:

(n.) the unity in Christ of all the redeemed, those souls in heaven who enjoy the Beatific Vision, those souls in Purgatory enduring purification, and those souls on earth still working out their salvation. The communion of saints includes the entirety of God's holy people and the saints already in heaven, and the church on earth and souls in purgatory and saints in heaven. These three groups make up the whole church.