Cell Transport Flashcards

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Biology

10th

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32 Terms

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Active transport

Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference

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Amphipathic

having both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region - phospholipids have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

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Carrier protein

a protein that transports substances across a cell membrane in active transport - helps polar molecules cross the membrane

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Concentration gradient

A region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases.

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Crenate

when a cell shrinks due to water loss - blood cells

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Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

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Exocytosis

Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material

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Faciliated diffusion

Passive movement of molecules down its concentration gradient via a transport protein

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Flaccid

plants in an isotonic solution

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Fluid Mosaic Model

model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane

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Gated ion channels

ion channels that open or close in response to stimuli

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Glycolipids

Membrane carbohydrates that are covalently bonded to lipids.

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Glycoproteins

Membrane carbohydrates that are covalently bonded to proteins.

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Hypertonic

The solution with the higher concentration of solutes

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Hypotonic

The solution with the lower concentration of solutes

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Integral proteins

proteins that pass through the membrane

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Ion channels

A transmembrane protein channel that allows a specific ion to diffuse across the membrane down its concentration or electrochemical gradient. - passive

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Isotonic

when the concentration of two solutions is the same

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Ligands

A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.

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Osmoregulation

the control of solute concentrations and water balance

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Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

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passive transport

the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell - with the concentration gradient

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Peripheral proteins

proteins that do not pass through the membrane

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Phagocytosis

Form of endosytosis - “cellular eating”

cell engulfs particle by extending cytoplasm (pseudopodia) around it and packing it in a large vacuole.

contents of vacuole are digested when it fuses w/ a lysosome.

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Pinocytosis

“Cellular drinking”

a cell creates a vesicle around a droplet of extracellular fluid

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Plasmolysis

This happens when a cell shrinks inside its cell wall while the cell wall remains intact. - collapse

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Proton Pump

pushes H+ ions across the membrane

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lyse

when a human cell bursts

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Selective Permeability

A property of a plasma membrane that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.

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Tonicity

the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

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Turgid

(adj.) swollen, bloated, filled to excess; overdecorated or excessive in language - plant cells like to be turgid

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Contransport

a single ATP-powered pump that transports a specific solute