AP HUG UNIT 1 VOCAB (1.1-1.6 for now)

Relative Direction

Relative relationships
"Turn left at Target, then walk past the park"

Remote sensing

The acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long-distance methods

Media reports

Articles published by news papers or magazines

Policy documents

Specifies the rules, guidelines, and regulations that an organization requires employees to follow

Census data

Data collected by the government every ten years, questioning the entire population on their income, occupations etc.

Space (generic)

- The extent of an area
- The area between two or more phenomena
Ex:
- a classroom
- a bedroom

Site

- Human & natural features of a place
Ex:
- Climate
- Landforms
- Soil types
- Architecture

Situation

- The relative location of a place
Ex:
- Includes connectivity & accessibly with other places

Flows

Movement of people, resources, products, culture, & ideas

Time-space compression

- The increasing sense of accessibility and connectivity which seems to bring humans in different places closer together.
Ex:
- Cars
- Planes
- The internet

Pattern

- General arrangement of things
Ex:
- Spatial images show patterns

Natural Resources

Items in the natural environment that people can use (renewable & nonrenewable)

Environmental Determinism

The belief that the climate and landforms are the most powerful forces shaping human behavior and societal/cultural development

Relative Distance

Spatial Interaction: Connections, contacts, movement, and flow of things between places.

Absolute location

- Exact, Precise
- Address
- Latitude & Longitude

Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

- Store/retrieve absolute locations using data transmitted by satellites
- used for navigation

Field observations

The act of an individual physically visiting a location or place and recording, firsthand, information there

Travel narratives

An account of a journey that provides all kinds of characteristics of an area.

Personal interviews

A direct, face-to-face conversation between an interviewer and the respondent

Landscape analysis

The task of defining and describing the land through observation, interpretation, and analysis

Photographic interpretation

The acts of examining photographic images for the purpose of identifying objects and their significance

Satellite imagery

A type of image gathered by satellites orbiting the Earth.

Place (meaning)

- Attributes & values we associate with a location
- Can change person to person or culture to culture
Ex:
- my classroom (if a teacher)
- my bedroom

Placelessness

- A place without a sense of place or unique site features
Ex:
- A random park

Distance delay

- The interpretation between two places declines as the distance between two places increase
- Can be both physically & culturally

Sustainability

Trying to use resources now in ways that allow use in the future while minimizing negative impacts on the environment

Land Use

The study of how land is utilized, modified, and organized by people

Possibilism

Acknowledges the limitations imposed by the natural environment, but focuses on the role of human culture to modify and respond to the environment to better fit human needs

Global Scale

Shows the entire world

Regional Scale

Shows regions of the world

National Scale

Shows multiple countries

Local Scale

Shows a province, state, city, country, or neighborhood.

Reference Map

Def: General Info/Navigation/Location
a. Political - states/countries/capitals
b. Physical - natural features
c. Roads - highways, streets, etc
Ex:
- Google Maps

Thematic Map

Def: Communicate information about a place, spatial aspects. A map with a specific theme.
Ex:
- Choropleth (use many colors)
- Dot-density (dots represent something)
- Graduated/Proportional Symbol (uses sizes)
- Cartogram (area distorted to show variable)
- Isoline & Topographic (uses lines)

Absolute Distance

- EXACT, PRECISE
- Miles/Kilometers/Feet
- Map Scale
- "Oak Hills is 21.3 miles away from my house"

Absolute Direction

- EXACT, PRECISE
- Cardinal Directions: NSEW

Clustering

- Close together
- Density: The # of something in a defined area.

Dispersal

- Far apart
- Distribution: The way something is spread out over an area

Elevation

- High above, typically, sea level
- Measure the height of something

Map projection

- The process of a cartographer (map maker) showing the curved surface of the earth on a flat surface (map).
- Distort spatial relationships (shape, area, distance, direction)

Relative location

- Relationship to another place
- "Next to my house"

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

- Storage of spatial data (physical & thematic in multiple layers)
- Can include GPS data
Layers:
a. Geographic information systems (GIS)
b. Satellite navigation systems
c. Remote sensing
d. Online mapping and visualizations

Satellite Navigation Systems (SNS)

- Store/retrieve absolute locations using data transmitted by satellites
- used for navigation

Subnational scale

Formal Regions

Also called uniform regions

Share similar political, cultural and economic traits

Functional regions

Also called Nodal regions

United by networks of communication, transportation, and other interactions.

Perception

Also called Vernacular regions

Defined by the informal sense of place that people ascribe to.